2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案5（第3套）

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.

The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.

But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo(现状),"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

51.What does the author say about people making decisions?

A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.

B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.

C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.

D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate?

A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.

B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients'health.

C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.

D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

53.When do people feel less decision fatigue?

A)When they take decision shortcuts.

B)When they help others to make decisions.

C)When they have major decisions to make.

D)When they have advisers to turn to.

54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?

A)They turn to physicians for advice.

B)They tend to make risky decisions.

C)They adopt a totally new perspective.

D)They refrain from trying anything new.

55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?

A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.

B)It is likely to entail serious consequences.

C)It will enable people to be more creative.

D)It will more often than not end in regret.

【参考答案】

51-55：ACBDA

【参考译文】

如果你曾经用“如果我是你……”或者你发现自己为一个决定的痛苦而挠头，而这个决定的答案是非常清楚的，这背后有一个科学的原因。我们自己的决策能力可能会在一天中耗尽，导致优柔寡断或做出糟糕的选择，但替别人做选择是一项愉快的任务，不会遇到同样的问题。

主要心理学家埃文•波尔曼(Evan Polman)表示，问题在于“决策疲劳”，这是一种心理现象，在漫长的一天决策之后，你的选择质量会受到影响。

例如，在工作了几个小时的医生，在不明智的情况下更可能给病人开抗生素。波尔曼说:“这可能是因为，开处方，考虑到病人的情况已经结束，而不是进一步调查，这很简单，也很容易。”

但当你为别人做决定时，决策疲劳就会消失。当人们把自己想象成顾问，把自己的选择想象成别人的选择时，他们就不会那么累，也不会那么依赖于做出这些选择的捷径。“通过扮演顾问而不是决策者的角色，一个人不会遭受决策疲劳的后果，”他说。“就好像做出别人的选择是一件有趣而又自由的事情。”

从别人那里获得信息不仅提供了一个全新的视角和思维过程，而且通常还包括风险更大的选择。波尔曼说，虽然这听起来不受欢迎，但也可能相当不错。“当人们经历决定了疲劳,他们厌倦了做出选择,但是他们倾向于选择现状(现状),”他说。“但现状可能存在问题，因为行动过程的改变有时可能很重要，并导致积极的结果。”

为了获得成功的结果或回报，某种程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。“决定容易疲劳的人可能会选择什么都不做的东西,”他说,“这并不是说,风险总是好的,但它与采取行动而决定疲劳确实导致无所作为和可能的懊恼(懊恼)的决策者可能更喜欢新的课程,但不幸的是阻碍。”

波尔曼警告说，仅仅因为你能为别人做出好的选择，并不意味着你也会为自己做出同样的选择。他说:“研究发现，女性为他人争取的薪水比她们为自己争取的高。”

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2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案汇总（第3套）