2011年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题03

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions： In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don51 wake up, concludes a new study.

Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.

Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation, says Lubke.

Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery, many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia. During surgery, each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time, bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.

After the operation, Lubke tested the patients by showing them the first three letters of a word, such as “lim”，and asking them to complete it. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit”，for example—chose that word an average of 11 percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.

Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding, which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.

61. Scientists have found that deep anesthesia .

A. is likely to affect hearing

B. cannot block surgeons5 words

C. can cause serious damages to memory

D. helps retain conscious or subconscious memories

62. By the new study, the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists .

A. acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgery

B. decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memories

C. relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgery

D. assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery

63. To test the patients, the scientists .

A. prepared two lists of words

B.used ninety-six headphones for listening

C. conducted the whole experiment for three minutes

D. voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery

64. The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients .

A. to regain consciousness under the knife.

B.to tell one word from another after surgery.

C. to recall what had been heard during surgery.

D. to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations.

65. What we can infer from the finding?

A. How surgical malpractice can be prevented.

B.Why a surgeon cannot be too careful.

C. Why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery.

D. How the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories.

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