2016年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题09

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2016年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Six

Publishing in scientific journals is the most common and powerful means to disseminate new research findings. Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process, exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments. For science to become maximally influential and productive across the globe, this needs to change.

The economy of electronic publication, open access, and property rights fuel current academic and policy debates about scientific publishing in the industrialized world. The concerns in the developing world (with few IS卜indexed journals) focus on more fundamental questions, such as sustaining local research activity and achieving the appropriate global reach of its science activities.

The essence of the African situation is captured by R. J. W. Tijssen5 s analysis of publications by African authors, which was based not only on data from IS I indexing databases, but also on publications not indexed in this system. Surprisingly, half of the South African citations in the indexed ISI literature are to articles in nonindexed, locally published journals. Also, several nonindexed local journals are cited in the ISI system at about the same rate as are indexed journals. The share of indexed articles with at least one author with an African address remains steady at about 1%. About half of the IS卜indexed papers with at least one author with an African address have non-African partners outside of the continent. These figures vary, country by country, sometimes in surprising ways. For example, 85% of the papers published from Mali or Gabon involve collaborations on other continents, versus 39% and 29% , respectively, for South African and Egypt, the continent’s leading research producers. Thus, much of the Africa research system is now highly dependent on collaborations.

How can the global reach and potential impact of scientific research in Africa and other developing countries be optimized? Of primary importance is boosting the quality and quantity of work that is locally published, through measures including review of submissions by peers research opportunities. A proliferation of journals, short-lived publications, print-only journals, and poor distribution constitutes a picture that

must change. A nationally organized project can probably make the biggest difference, with investment by government and research-support agencies, as well as wide participation by local and regional scientific communities.

86. The author cries for a change in .

A. the recognition of new research findings B.the allocation of research resources

C. the global indexing database D. global science publishing

87. According to the author, the low international recognition and the impact of scientists of developing countries are attributed to .

A. their reluctance to publish the ISI journals

B. their low involvement in international science activities

C. their limited publications in global indexing database

D. their poor understanding of the current scientific practices

88. The survey conducted by Tijssen justified the author5 s view that .

A. to publish is to disseminate new research findings across the globe

B. new research findings ought be published in the globally indexed journals

C. such importance should be attached to global collaborations in doing science

D. most scientists in developing countries remain marginalized in global science publishing

89. To address the current situation, the author argues that it is imperative that .

A. developing countries establish a set of standards in science of publishing

B.scientists have their own journals in developing countries

C. more scientific studies be both qualified and quantified

D. quality and quantity be desired in the local journals

90. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Science without Boundaries B.How to Keep Science Moving

C. Globalizing Science Publishing D. Globalization and Nationalization

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