2014年华东师范大学考博英语真题

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Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A9 B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very        .

A.precious           B. rewarding           C. worth D. challenging

2.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to        himself.

A.spot               B. locate              C. place            D. situate

3.The city has decided to        smoking.

A.do away with B. take away C. get away with     D. put away

4.The old building is in a good state of        except for the wooden floors.

A.observation          B. preservation        C. conservation      D. compensation

5.       me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.

A. That amazed B. It amazed C. Which amazed D. What amazed

6. Recycling wastes slows down the rate        which we use up the Earth's finite resources.

A. in                B. of C. with D. at

7. Gasoline is        by the spark plugs in the engine.

A. ignited B. inspired C. excited D. illuminated

8. The travelers        their journey after a short break.

A. recovered B. resumed C.renewed D.restored

9.Cultural        indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.

A. translation B. transition          C. transmission       D. transaction

10.We must look beyond        and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.

A. justifications B. illusions C. manifestations D. specifications

11.No one imagined that the apparently        businessman was really a criminal.

A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. realistic

12.Hurricanes are killer winds, and their        power lies in the physical damage they can do.

A. cumulative         B. destructive         C. turbulent D. prevalent

13.In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and        in the classroom.

A. skeptical B. faithful C. obedient D. subsidiary

14.After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally        .

A. deteriorated         B. dispersed C. dissipated D. drained

15.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly        by a dictator.

A.depressed B. immersed C. oppressed D. cursed

16.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been        towards producing workers.

A.harnessed B. hatched C. motivated D. geared

17.The prospect of increased prices has already        worries.

A.provoked B. irritated C. inspired D. hoisted

18.You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it        undrinkable by now.

A.became B. had become C. has become D. becomes

19.Codes are a way of writing something in secret;        , anyone who doesn't know the code will not be able to read it.

A. that is             B. worse still          C. in short            D. on the other hand

20.Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses        .

A. in between         B. among them        C. far apart            D. from each other

21.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially        containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.

A. one               B. the one C. that D. such

22.You can't be        careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.

A. very               B. quite C. too D. so

23.The ratio of the work done by the machine        the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.

A. against B. with C. to D. for

24.        the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.

A. In case of B. In spite of C. Because of D. But for

25.I        to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

A. ought to have written                   B. must have written

C. couldn't have written                   D. needn't have written

26.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country;         is this more true than in Europe.

A. hardly            B. little               C. seldom           D. nowhere

27.        in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown.

A. Unpopular has as white been B. White has been as unpopular

C. Unpopular has been as white D. Unpopular as white has been

28.        for a long time, the fields are all dried up.

A. There has been no rain B. Having no rain

C. There having been no rain D. There being no rain

29.Joseph's car has a flat tire.        now is to walk to the nearest telephone.

A. That he can do                     B. All what he can do

C. All that he can do                     D. He can do something

30.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment        .

A. which they are happening B. they are happening

C. which they happen                     D. they have happened

Part II: Cloze (20%)

Directions: Read the passage through, then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word (s) you have chosen with a single line across the bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

Why does a company want to  31  its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may  32  very well. It may need money to  33  . By selling shares of  34  , the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is  35  for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax  36  , the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money  37  banks. By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks. Many companies sell stock for this reason.

However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often  38  . In general, all companies  39  sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to  40  money for one reason or another. Investors  41  buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money  42  . Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the  43  . This money that is shared is called a  44  . Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they  45  the stock. A second way that investors may  46   is to sell the stock at a higher price than they  47  when they bought it. The  48  of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also  49   for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a  50  .

31. A. distract         B. permeate         C. share          D. recede

32. A. have done       B. be doing         C. do            D. have been doing

33. A. perplex         B. dominate         C. integrate       D. expand

34. A. stake           B. stock            C. stalk           D. stack

35. A. potential        B. advantageous     C. sensitive        D. actual

36. A. utilities         B. contributions     C. earnings         D. laws

37. A. to             B. for              C. on             D. from

38. A. complex        B. essential         C. comprehensive   D. understandable

39. A. what           B. that             C. which          D. while

40. A. locate          B. admit            C. proclaim        D. raise

41. A. who           B. which            C. until            D. if

42. A. by mistake      B. to date           C. on earth          D. right away

43. A. observer      B. director         C. investor           D. instructor

44. A. tuition        B. postage         C. tip               D. dividend

45. A. offer         B. own            C. convince          D. equip

46. A. sell money    B. share money     C. take money        D. make money

47. A. confronted    B. extracted        C. spilled            D. paid

48. A. price        B. investment       C. cost               D. value

49. A. tighten up    B. stock up         C. go up              D. stir up

50. A. profit        B. benefit          C. award             D. input

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center:

(1)

Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.

Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latinos and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.

Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.

Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.

When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.

For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.

51.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably .

A.stand still        B. jump aside        C. step forward           D. draw back

52.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their      .

A.cultural self-centeredness                B. casual manners

C. indifference towards foreign visitors       D. arrogance towards other cultures

53. In countries other than their own most Americans       .

A.are isolated by the local people

B.are not well informed due to the language barrier

C.tend to get along well with the natives

D.need interpreters in hotels and restaurants

54.According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will       .

A.affect their image in the new era

B.cut themselves off from the outside world

C.limit their role in world affairs

D.weaken the position of the US dollar

55.The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that       .

A.it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends

B.it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs

C.it is necessary to use several languages in public places

D. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures

(2)

Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of teenagers across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are part of a virtual community.

“I rarely talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ,” said Fox's Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. “Eighty percent of my classmates use QQ after school.”

QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record shows 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October, according to Tencent, the company which developed QQ.

And Fox's Shadow might well have been one of them. “I log in on Friday nights, and Saturdays or Sundays when I feel bored. I usually spend about 10 hours chatting online every week,” she said. “But I rarely talk with strangers, especially boys or men.”

Even though she likes chatting, she is careful about making friends with strangers online. “You don't know who you're talking to. You should always be careful about who you trust online.”

Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have got to know someone very well. Fox's Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a comic fan like herself and they went to a comic show together.

However, not all teenagers have been so fortunate. At the beginning of this year, a 17-year-old girl in Liaoning Province was raped after meeting a friend she had found on QQ. The criminal wasn't caught until last month.

A 16-year-old Beijing boy, known online as Bart Simon, dislikes QQ users. “I used to chat on QQ, but I found that most people were talking nonsense,” he said. Now he chats online in English, using MSN. “I only chat online because I've got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore,” he said.

“I want to learn more about foreign cultures.” But he spends little time chatting as he sees it a waste of time and money.

“If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you just can't concentrate in class,” he said. “And the friends in your real life are always more important than those so-called friends you meet online.

56.This passage centers on        .

A.teenagers making friends online

B.the advantages of the Internet

C.the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQ

D.the internet changing your life

57.Which of the following is true about Fox's Shadow?

A.She often talks with her relatives on QQ.

B.She has a strong sense of self-protection.

C.She is a senior at college.

D.She logs in every night.

58.What can be inferred from the passage?

A.People, both old and young, like to get online.

B.Girls prefer QQ better than boys.

C.There is no danger for male QQ users, even if they meet each other.

D.QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online.

59.What is Not the Beijing boy's opinion of chatting online?

A.He can't practice oral English if he uses QQ.

B.Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money.

C.Most topics for conversation on QQ are meaningless.

D.He can learn foreign cultures through MSN.

60.This passage may be a        .

A.a lecture      B. an essay         C. a report      D. an editorial

(3)

What most people don't realize is that wealth isn't the same as income. If you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you're not getting wealthier, you're just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend.

The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It's an attitude.

Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of utilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher.

The rich man's attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal-Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck.

Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn't tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes.

The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he's reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That's the attitude as well.

The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I've found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.

The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind--the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps -- and they work unceasingly toward that goal.

One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth--not just income--your goal, the luxury house you've been dreaming about won't seem so alluring. You'll have the attitude.

61.Which of the following statements is true?

A.Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.

B.Inheritance builds an important part in one's wealth.

C.High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.

D.Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.

62.By the author's opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars        .

A.will not be taxed by the government

B.have accumulated wealth in another sense

C.live high and have little saved

D.can show that they are among the rich

63.The rich put their money into business because        .

A. they can get much in return to build their wealth

B.they are not interested in luxury houses and cars

C.their goal is to develop their company

D. that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government

64.The U.S. government doesn't tax what you spend money on        .

A. cars          B. houses         C. stock           D. boats

65.To become wealthy, one should        .

A. seek as much income as he can          B. work hard unceasingly

C. stick to the way he lives                D. save up his earnings

(4)

Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations. Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firm's fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is difficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth.

However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause clients to doubt the service firm's ability to deliver the promised level of service. It may conflict with a firm's desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that it is begging for business. In legal and health care services, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a corresponding commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick.

66.The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to        .

A.account for the popularity of a practice

B.evaluate the usefulness of a practice

C.demonstrate how to institute a practice

D.explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy

67.Which of the following statements concerning unconditional guarantees is Not mentioned in the passage?

A.They are helpful when firms want to retain their long-standing clients.

B.They are effective when firms want to get business through client recommendations.

C.They are useful when firms charge substantial fees for its services.

D.They are feasible when firms suffer from significant adverse effects of poor service.

68.Which of the following is a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction?

A.To limit their liability.

B.To compete successfully with their rivals.

C.To justify their fee increases.

D.To attain an outstanding reputation in a field.

69.An unconditional guarantee may create an impression on the client that the firm        .

A.tends to be suspicious of the client's financial status

B.does not want to beg for business

C.may have some problems with its management

D.is not sophisticated enough to be able to provide good service

70.Which of the following is true, according to the passage's description of the issue raised by unconditional guarantees for health care or legal services？

A. The standards of practice of the legal and medical professions could be violated by attempts to fulfill such unconditional guarantees.

B. The result of a lawsuit or medical procedure can hardly be predicted by the professionals handling a client's case.

C. The dignity of the legal and medical professions could be undermined by any attempts at marketing professional services, such as offering unconditional guarantees.

D. Clients whose lawsuits or medical procedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot be adequately compensated by financial settlements alone.

(5)

Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupation — service and clerical — that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.

Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's.

71.According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap,        .

A.there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near future

B.working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying

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