山东学位英语热点专题复习-情态动词

山东学位英语热点专题复习-情态动词

1．情态动词一般用法中较为特殊的情况; 2．情态动词表示推测的情况; 3．情态动词用于虚拟语气。

一、情态动词的基本用法

1．can/be able to 都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can 只有现在和过去时，而be able to 则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could 而用was/were able to 来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to ，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。

2．must 表示必须，应该，没有时态变化，must 表示推测只能用于肯定句。mustn't 表示禁止做某事。must 还可以表示―非要‖。

3．should / ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。should 可表示陈述意见，提出建议或请求；而ought to 可以表示劝告之意。

4．will / would will 用于各种人称表示―意志‖、―意愿‖或―决心‖等，否定式won't + 动词；will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出―请求‖或―询问‖； will 表示习惯性的动作，有―总是‖、―惯于‖的含义。would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿；would 还表示过去反复发生的动作。

5．shall 作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有―命令‖、―警告、威胁、强制‖和―允许‖等意思。在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。

二、情态动词表示推测的用法

情态动词must ，can ，could ，may ，might 都可用来表示推测。其中，must 所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为―一定‖。注意，其否定式mustn't 表示―想必不‖；表示―不可能‖要用can't 或couldn't 。 may 和 might 表示可能性时，主要用于肯定句中，might 相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。 can 和could 主要用于否定句和疑问句中。从时间上可以分为对现在一般情况的推测、对正在进行的动作和对过去情况的推测三种。需要注意的几点：

1．can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是―经验之谈‖。

2．may 和might 都不用于疑问句中 3．must 的否定式是can't ／couldn't ，不是 needn't 或m ustn't 。

4．would ＋V 原形：想必现在／过去……；现在／过去可能……

5．will ＋V 原形：将来一定／准会…… 6．情态动词+have+p.p.

1）should (ought to) have ＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为―本应该……‖。其否定形式为―should not ／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词‖。

2）needn't have ＋ 过去分词

表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。

3）must have ＋ 过去分词

意为―过去一定做过某事‖，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can't ／couldn't have ＋过去分词。

4）may ／might have ＋过去分词 表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的（可能性）推测，意为―或许／可能做过某事‖。另外，用于虚拟语气时，通常用might 。

5）could have ＋过去分词

表示―（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到‖。

三、should 在虚拟语气中的运用

1．在if 引导的条件状语从句中，若表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词可以用―should ＋动词原形‖；若if 省略，should 应提到句首，构成部分倒装。

2．动词arrange （安排，筹划），command （命令，要求），demand （要求，需要），desire （要求，渴望），insist （坚决主张），order ，propose （主张，提议），request ，require ，suggest （建议）

等后跟宾语从句时，谓语动词应用―（should ）＋动词原形‖。

3．名词advice ，idea ，order ，demand ， plan ，proposal （主张），suggestion ，request 等后跟表语从句或同位语从句时，其谓语动词用―（should ）＋动词原形‖。

4．在主语从句的下列三种句型中，主句的谓语动词应用―（should ）＋动词原形‖。

（1）It is necessary （important ，impossible ，strange ，natural…）that…

（2）It is a pity （a shame…）that… （3）It is suggested （requested ，ordered ，desired…）that…

四．几个情态动词常考的句型

1．may/might (just) as well ―不妨，最好‖，与had better 相近；

2. cannot / can't…too …―越……越好，怎么也不过分‖。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。此外can't 与比较级连用表示十分的肯定，不能……的更多了。

3. must 表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。

1) ―must ＋动词原形‖对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must ＋be ＋-ing 形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must 之后的动词相一致。

2) ―must ＋have ＋过去分词‖用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didn't 否则，疑问部分用haven't 或hasn't 。

1．According to the air traffic rules,you______switch off your mobile phone boarding.

A.may

B.can

C.would

D.should

2．Peter ____be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

A.shall

B.should

C.can

D.must

3.You ____ be hungry already —you had lunch only two hours ago!

A.wouldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t

4．It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it ____be rather cold sometime.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

5．What a pity.Considering his ability and experience, he better.

A.need have done

B.must have done

C.can have done

D.might have done

6．How’s your tour around the North lake? Is it beautiful?

—It ____be, but it is now heavily polluted.

A.will

B.would

C.should

D.must

7．—Turn off the TV , jack. ____ your homework now?

—Mum,just ten more minutes, please.

A.Should you be doing

B.Shouldn’t you be doing

C.Couldn’t you be doing

D.Will you be doing

8．—what does the sign over there read? —No person__ smoke or carry a lighted

cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.

A.will

B.may

C.shall

D.must

9．—What’s the name?

—Khulaifi. ____I spell that for you?

A.Shall

B.Would

C.Can

D.Might

10．If it were not for the fact that she sing I would invite her to the party.

A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not

11．John, look at the time. you  ____play the piano at such a late hour?

A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need

12．—Catherine. I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You ____ it. I could manage it myself.

A.needn’t do

B.needn’t have done

C.mustn’t do

D.shouldn’t have done

13．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They  ____at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A.should have been doing

B.must have been doing

C.could have done

D.would have done

14．Some aspects of a pilot’s job__ be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.

A.can;have to

B.may;can

C.have to;may

D.ought to;must

15．I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.

A.should

B.might

C.would

D.could

16．Excuse me ,but I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A.shan’t

B.might not

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

17．The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,‖declared the judge.

A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall

18. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong –willed man

A. would be

B. would have been

C. must be

D. must have been

19. You ____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

A. must

B. mustn't

C. have to

D. don't have to

20.I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?

A. Must

B. Can

C. May

D. Will

21. I_______ have watched that movie

—it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A.shouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

22. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he ____ arrived half an hour early.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

23. ____ I take the book out?—I'm afraid not.

A. Will

B. May

C. Must

D. Need

24.Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .

A. can’t

B. needn’t

C. may not

D. whether

25. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

26. May I take this book out of the reading room?

—No, you ____ . You read it in here. A. mightn’t

B. won’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

27.I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy .

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D .needn’t

28.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.

A ．can

B ．will

C ．must

D ．may

29. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

—Ah, good morning. You  ____be Mrs.Peters.

A. might

B. must

C. would

D. can

30. You ____ have a wrong number, shesaid. ―There is no one of that name here.‖

A. need

B. can

C. must

D. would

1—5DCBBD 6—10CBCAC

11—15ABBAA 16—20ADDDA

21—25AABAB

26—30DACBC