四六级语法长难句之否定句和强调句

第一部分：否定句

一、理论常识

1. 部分否定

Not both of them are my brothers .

Both of them are not my brothers .

All is not gold that glitters .

2. 双重否定

双重否定分为三种：

肯定型：

There are no roses without thorns .

强调型：

I just can’t do nothing .

委婉型：

I can’t hardly read your hand writing .

3. 几乎否定

She is barely right .

I seldom got any sleep last night .

Few people can understand why he did it .

二、试题举例

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .

【重点词汇解析】methodology，n. 方法论;refer to 参考、涉及、指的是; branch，n. 分支 v. 分支、出现分歧

【参考翻译】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

第二部分：强调句

一、理论常识

强调主要有两种形式：

1. 强调谓语：

Eg1 ： I love you . I do love you . I did love you .

Eg2 ： Cell phone / Internet / computer brings us convenience .

Cell phone / Internet / computer does bring us convenience .

2. 强调句式：

It is / was + 被强调成分 +that / who + 句子其他成分。

【步骤】

a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。

b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is / was 和that / who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。

【强调句式特征】去掉it is / was ... that / who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。

Eg1 ： My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .

It is my mother who / that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .

It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart .

二、试题举例

Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .

【重点词汇解析】couple with 与……相结合;maximize，v. 取……最大值、达到最大值

【参考翻译】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。