Clothes play a critical role in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfit, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothes we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming—shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job.”
1. According to the second paragraph, an elderly middle-class man and an unconventionally dressed young man may be unable to ______.
2. The author uses the newscasters’ example to illustrate the idea that ______.
3. Men’s professional clothing can best be described as “______”.
4. What can women do with their professional clothing according to the passage?
5. What is the best title for the passage?
问题1选项
A.understand each other’s lifestyle
B.share the same background or interests
C.manipulate their impression on each other
D.enter the initial phase of a potential interaction
问题2选项
A.certain clothing gives people more confidence
B.clothes have nothing to do with one’s abilities
C.we tend to stereotype people by their clothes
D.competent people are dressed conventionally
问题3选项
A.conventional
B.individualistic
C.out-of-date
D.undiversified
问题4选项
A.They must be dressed conservatively.
B.They don’t have an explicit dressing style to follow.
C.They choose either masculine or feminine clothing.
D.They can’t wear unconventional outfit.5. What is the best title for the passage?
问题5选项
A.Dressing and the Effect.
B.Dressing and Personality.
C.Dressing Up Appropriately.
D.Dressing and Management.
第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:A
1.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段,一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法……”。第二段提到Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur.(因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源,我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。),接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣,一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远;由此可知,造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义,如果穿着风格大相径庭,那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段,因此,D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确;A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到;B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”,这个不是造成这种现象的结果;C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”,文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象,该项不符合题干。因此,该题选择D项正确。
2.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明……”。第三段第一句提到People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean.(人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致),这是该段的中心句,接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点,所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意;A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子;B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”,该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子,所以该项不正确;D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒,穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干,该项也不正确。因此,该题选择C项正确。
3.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success…The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men.(在职场中,男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样……对服饰的选择方面,女性的选择远远多于男性),由此可以推理,男性的职业装应该是模式化,变化少,所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述;B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确;D项“千篇一律”为干扰项,虽然男性的服装变化少,但不代表没变化。因此,该题选择A项正确。
4.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章,女性可以如何处理她们的职业装?”。第四段第二句指出A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing.(商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质),后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位,而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作;由此可以判断,女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循,B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意;A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对;C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确;D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此,该题选择B项正确。
5.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么?”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息,接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例,因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨;B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此,该题选择A项正确。