Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decided by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the states—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lalui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claim to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
1. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?
2. John Waihee’s attitude towards the native Hawaiians’ sovereignty movement can best be described as “______”.
3. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs most wants to support the native Hawaiians to ______.
4. According to the fifth paragraph, it is hard to determine ______.
5. Concerning the Hawaiian crown land, what do the native Hawaiians demand from the government?
问题1选项
A.Their life is worse than that of other Hawaiian groups.
B.They are the only native group without sovereignty.
C.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.
D.Their life span is five years shorter than average Americans.
问题2选项
A.democratic
B.optimistic
C.demanding
D.ambitious
问题3选项
A.establish a sovereign of Hawaiian nation
B.become autonomous rather than establishing a sovereign nation
C.focus on developing economically instead of fighting politically
D.join in the local independence movement
问题4选项
A.how many people will take part in the sovereignty movement
B.who will be regarded as native Hawaiians
C.how many people will enjoy the autonomy
D.what qualifications one will have so as to lead the autonomy
问题5选项
A.They want the government to acknowledge their ownership of the land.
B.They want the government to pay a rent for the land on a yearly basis.
C.They want the government to stop using the land for any purpose.
D.They want the government to pay more back rent on the land.
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
1.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于夏威夷土著，下列哪项陈述是正确的？”。根据文章第二段第一句The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（1898年，这些岛屿被美国吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民的处境比其他任何种族的人都要糟糕）可知，A项“他们的生活比其他夏威夷族群更糟糕”正确；由第二段最后一句They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.（他们是没有什么自治权的唯一主要的美国本土群体）可知，B项“他们是唯一没有主权的土著群体”表述不准确，并不是唯一没有主权的土著居民，而是唯一主要的美国本土群体；由第二段第二句They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians.（他们占全州无家可归者的60%以上，失业率高，寿命比夏威夷人平均寿命短5年）可知，C项“其中60%无家可归或失业”和D项“他们的寿命比普通美国人短5年”也与原文不符合。因此，该题选择A项正确。
2.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“John Waihee对夏威夷原住民主权运动的态度可以用……来描述”。根据第三段的描述But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decided by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign nation.（但是，由夏威夷第一位土著州长John Waihee成立的主权咨询委员会，通过建议夏威夷土著自行决定是否重建一个主权国家，为土著的事业提供了重大推动。）可以推断，John Waihee对夏威夷原住民主权运动的态度是民主的，A项“民主”符合题意；B项“乐观”、C项“苛求的”和D项“雄心勃勃”表述都不准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。
3.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“夏威夷事务办公室最希望支持夏威夷原住民……”。根据第四段中的Some just want greater autonomy within the states—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs（一些人只是想在州内享有更大的自治权，就像许多美国印第安土著享有的自治权一样，比如教育，这一立场得到了夏威夷事务办公室的支持）可知，夏威夷事务办公室支持夏威夷原住民自治，B项“自治，而不是建立一个主权国家”正确；A项“建立夏威夷国家的主权”表述与文意相反；C项“强调经济发展而不是政治斗争”和D项“参加地方独立运动”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。
4.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第五段，很难决定……”。根据第五段But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.（但是，如果夏威夷当地人被赋予更大的自治权，这将适用于多少人还远不清楚。州政府只把那些有50%以上夏威夷血统的人算为本地居民。）可知，很难决定多少人可以被赋予自治权，C项“多少人将享有自治权”正确；A项“有多少人会参加主权运动”和D项“一个人将有什么资格来领导自治”没有提到；B项“谁将被视为土著夏威夷人”在文中有明确的表述。因此，该题选择C项正确。
5.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“关于夏威夷皇冠土地，夏威夷本地人对政府有什么要求？”。最后一段指出Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities.（然而，当地人的要求并不仅仅是基于政治上的不满。他们还要求接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷皇冠土地的要求。正是在这个问题上，土著群体面临着来自州当局的最大反对。），由此可知，夏威夷本地人对政府的要求是承认他们对土地的所有权，A项“他们想让政府承认他们对土地的所有权”正确；文中提到了土地的拖欠资金问题，B项“他们希望政府按年支付土地租金”、C项“他们希望政府停止使用土地的任何目的”和D项“他们想要政府支付更多的土地租金”都没有提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。
