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Our initial fieldwork site（1） out to be completely unsuitable. Our team（2） over a week there before we recognized that we （3）never find the quality of fossils we were （4） for in that spot.

（1） to the Canadian media, there is widespread （2）of the government's plan to reform higher education. Angry （3）against the measure have been organized in several major cities.

On our cycling tour we managed to cover an average （1）of about 25 kilometers（2） day.

Yesterday afternoon, while John and Linda were both at work, thieves （1）into their flat and （2）money, jewelry and an expensive new computer.

Do you know how we can get （）to hold an outdoor concert on campus?

Sometimes I wonder if it’s（） it to own a car. Nowadays parking is such a nightmare!

I’m sorry, but I don’t have（1 ） to that sort of information. Perhaps if you consult my colleagues upstairs, they can （2）you.

（1）more money I simply don't see how we can continue this project. Let's all put our heads together and think of possible （2 ）of emergency funding.

John has a great voice, but with that cold he won't （）very good if he tries to sing.

My daughter is rather （1）to air pollution, so we make sure that she wears a （2）when she goes to school in the morning, （3）on days when the air quality index is bad. That’s something we unfailingly check on line while we're eating breakfast.

I have no（1） who lives in that grey three-story house（2） the road. I see lights on in the windows most evenings, but I have never see （3）going in or out.

The company that I work （1）has just （2）that it is opening new stores in the five （3）cities in India.

Who（） you how to write Chinese characters? Your calligraphy is really impressive!

I'm（1） a birthday party on Friday and I hope you（2） join us.

1 Etienne Klein, a celebrated French physicist and popularizer of science, seems set to lose his post as president of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology (IHEST) in Paris after allegations that he plagiarized the work of more than a dozen scientists, philosophers and writers in various books and articles. A source at France’s Ministry of Science and Education yesterday confirmed that a decree ending Klein's tenure has been signed by the current minister and is now awaiting the signature of French President Francois Hollande.2 But Klein says he refuses to leave. In an open letter published last week, he wrote that an investigative panel that looked into the matter has found no evidence of misconduct and that he sees no reason to step down. “My scientific integrity is absolute,” Klein wrote to science journalists in an email. The report has not been made public.3 Klein leads a small group studying science itself at the Alternative Energies and Atomic fame Energy Commission(CEA) near Paris, but seldom publishes in the scientific literature; his fame stems from books and articles in popular magazines, mostly about physics. He also hosts a weekly radio show about science. President Hollande appointed Klein president of IHEST—which seeks to build trust in science and to reflect on its social economic and political aspects—in September 2016.4 In November, the weekly magazine L’ Express reported that Klein had copied passages from French and foreign authors in a recent biography of Albert Einstein and in several other publications. Klein defended some of the instances but admitted he had made “mistakes” in others; a few days later, L' Express published seven more examples of alleged plagiarism, to which Klein has not responded. 5 CEA has not investigated the matter. A spokesperson says Klein wrote the disputed publications on his own time, not as a CEA researcher. “This is a private matter,” the spokesperson says. This is why government officials asked an independent four-member panel to investigate the charges. The commission finished its work in late January, but when it presented its report to the government, nothing happened for almost 2 months. Then Klein published his open letter on 29 March.6 In the letter, he quoted a few paragraphs from the report in which the commission said it had not found ethical breaches in Kleins work for CEA and that it was neither “competent” nor tasked to judge whether Klein committed plagiarism in the legal sense. Nonetheless, the commission recommended that he step down from IHEST, Klein wrote, “so as not to cause difficulties for the institute and its important missions.” Klein says he has no intention of doing so. “I don’t want to be judged by the press, but according to the criteria of French law,” he wrote in an email.7 The leader of the four-member panel says he can't discuss the report; he says he hopes it will be made public by the authorities. But he confirms that the panel did not consider the issue of whether Kleins reuse of other writers’ words broke any laws. “Klein came to the commission with his lawyer,” he says, “we’re not judges, were not the police, we're just four academics.”8 Klein says that his book about Einstein contains more than 120 attributed quotes as well, which “proves that I have no problem with quoting someone. What I am being blamed for is due to carelessness or negligence, especially in my file management, not to a conscious desire to plagiarize.”9 In a story published last week, L* Express speculates that Klein’s open letter may have been a last-ditch effort to avert his dismissal or delay a decision until after the upcoming elections, in the hope that a new president might save him. But Klein says he is not aware of any decision to fire him. He says he went public because he had expected the commission to publicly reaffirm his scientific integrity. “That was a key issue for me, Klein says. “When nothing happened in that regard, I decided to speak out myself.”1.Based on this very recent article, we may assume that Etienne Klein is （）.2.The information in this article seems to indicate that Klein （）.3.At the time this article was written, Klein appeared to be on the verge of getting fired from at least one of his positions. His reaction has been to （）.4.In his work at IHEST Klein（） .

1 For millions of years, Britain was part of the European continent. A high ridge of limestone—now famously exposed as the chalky cliffs of Dover-extended all the way to what is now France, allowing mammoths, hippopotami and eventually humans to pass freely back and forth. But about 450,000 years ago, this rocky road was cut off by a flood of unimaginable proportions. Now, a team of researchers has detailed evidence of how this torrent of destruction was unleashed. “They’ve managed to identify...how the ridge was breached,” says geologist Philip Gibbard of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, who was not involved in the current study. “I'm quite enthusiastic.”2 The idea that enormous floods quickly carved parts of the English Channel was first proposed in 1985. At the time, geologist Alec Smith of Bedford College in London noticed large, interweaving scour marks on maps of the English Channel sea floor. He recognized that the patterns of erosion resembled those of the Channeled Scablands, a highly eroded landscape -stark, barren and with little soil—in eastern Washington state in the northwestern US. The landscape was formed by floods from glacial lakes that burst their icy dams between 15,000 and 18,000 years ago.3 Similar glaciers have existed in Europe. Some 450,000 years ago, a massive ice sheet spanned Scandinavia, reaching down into northern Europe and much of what are today the British Isles. Hemmed in by the ice was a large glacial lake. No one knows exactly how big it was, but it may have been several hundred kilometers wide, and it likely filled the southern part of the North Sea. Because so much water was stored on land as ice sheets, sea levels are thought to have been about 120 meters lower than today, exposing the bottom of what is now the English Channel.4 With the chalk ridge forming a dam to the south, and the Rhine and other rivers flowing into the glacial lake, the water would have kept rising. Smith proposed that the lake would eventually have cascaded over the chalk cliffs. As evidence, he pointed to large, deep pits at the base of the former ridge — “plunge pools” that were formed by the force of the waterfalls and later filled in with sediment. The scour marks on the channel bottom would have been carved by a vast flood rich in debris. Still unknown was what unleashed the deluge.5 The dramatic idea was then forgotten for many years. “I don't think many people believed it,” says Sanjeev Gupta, a geologist at Imperial College London.(Smith, who retired a few years after floating his idea, died in 2015.) “If smith's hypothesis now wins general acceptance, then the decades of delay will be oddly similar to the decades it took for the origin of the Channeled Scablands to be accepted. When the geologists JT Pardee and Harlen Bretz first argued that theScablands were the product of a short catastrophic flood of huge proportions, it took almost forty years to win over their fellow earth scientists.”6 Now Gupta and his colleagues have brought the idea of a cataclysmic breakup back into serious consideration. With data from British, Belgian and French research vessels, the team put together a clear picture of seven plunge pools on the channel floor (see map below), each nearly a kilometer wide and up to 140 meters deep — even larger than Smith had estimated. “It's clear that the scale is really far greater than originally imagined,” Gibbard says, “The plunge pools were enormous.”7 The waterfalls pouring from the lake might have been 50 meters high or taller, Gupta says, although it is difficult to know. The relentless pounding of the cascades may have spun large blocks of stone inside the pools at the bottom, drilling into the bedrock. All this digging might have fatally weakened the ridge, eventually causing it to fail, Gupta and colleagues propose today in Nature Communications. “I think they’ve worked out an intelligent account of how this may have happened,” says Kim Cohen, a geologist at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the work.8 It is not yet possible to know how long it took the waterfalls to erode the chalk ridge, Gupta says. The only way to tell would be to collect samples by drilling into the sediments that later filled in the pools. But that is a tricky proposition, given the busy traffic of the shipping channel and its strong currents, "it’s a dangerous area to do geological research in, "says Gibbard, noting that just getting the new submarine images was an accomplishment.9 The images also clarify the extent of erosion from another round of catastrophic flooding during a subsequent ice age. Again, the evidence is submerged, because sea level is much higher today. But perhaps 160, 000 years ago — the timing is uncertain — huge floods dug out what is known as the Lobourg Channel, which the images revealed to be about 10 kilometers wide and 20 meters deep. This was probably the final breach of the remnants of chalk ridge, Gupta says.10 These twin disasters meant trouble for ancient commuters. This is because they put travel between Britain and Europe at the mercy of sea level. Previously, when the seas rose and covered the floor of the channel, the chalk ridge would still have been passable. But when the first catastrophic flood tore through, Britain was cut off for the first time. (Of course, when sea level fell enough, the English Channel would have been dry again Despite a major river flowing to the southwest, animals and people could pass back and forth easily.11 Britain most recently became an island about 9000 years ago. And — now that the UnitedKingdom has officially announced its intention to sever ties with the European Union -- it will become even more of one.1.According to the author of this article, Britain has been more or less the geographic island that we know it as today since （）.2.The author tells us that Philip Gibbard was not involved in the study being reported on here.He most probably does this in order to （）.3.Earlier research on the origin of the Channel Scablands of eastern Washington was presumably useful to Alec Smith in that it（） .4.Something seems to be missing from the text of this article as it is printed here. The missing item is （）.5.Is Philip Gribbard optimistic about the likelihood that we will soon know how long it took waterfalls to erode the chalk ridge mentioned in paragraphs 7-10?6.The article indicates that, thanks to the new data and images, Gupta and his fellow researchers have（） .

Official encouragement of the solar-energy industry in China has led to fierce competition for government subsidies among dozens of new companies, but it is far from clear how many of the winning firms actually make money.

Many social observers in China are concerned that children growing up in villages away from their mother and father lack of parental love and may have trouble becoming responsible adults as they enter their twenties.

Some of best testimony on states and societies of medieval Central Asia is to be found in reports made by Tang travelers and diplomats for the benefit of the imperial court in Chang，an.

When I approached the British embassy to apply a visa to work on a design project in Aberdeen, I hardly expected that it would take six months to obtain one.

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