​现代语言学2018年10月真题试题（00830）

现代语言学2018年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

现代语言学2018年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830），本试卷总共100分。

一、单项选择题

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1.According to F. de Saussure, ______refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

A.competence
B.performance
C.langue
D.parole

2.The English sound [u:] is a________.

A.close vowel
B.semi-close vowel
C.semi-open vowel
D.open vowel

3.Which of the following factors is NOT a learner factor?

A.Acculturation
B.Personality
C.Interaction
D.Motivation

4.The words “take” and “table” are called _____because they can occur unattached.

A.free morphemes
B.bound morphemes
C.form words
D.inflectional morphemes

5.What can be drawn safely from the case of Genie is that .

A.it confirms the critical period hypothesis
B.human"s language acquisition device is independent of other intellectual abilities
C.language cannot be acquired at all after the critical period
D.the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and, as a result, most linguistic skills cannot develop

6.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same .

A.syntactic category
B.phonological category
C.morphological category
D.semantic category

7.Sociolinguistics is primarily concerned with the social significance of language _____and language use in different speech communities.

A.variation
B.change
C.structure
D.form

8.In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called , which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

A.predication
B.predicate
C.argument
D.sense

9.The notion of is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

A.utterance
B.sentence
C.context
D.speech act

10.The first and most widely investigated language family of the world is ?

A.the Sino-Tibetan Family
B.the Indo-European Family
C.the Austronesian Family
D.the Afiroasiatic Family

二、单词填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.Cultural t ______means that language can be passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct.

12.When pitch, stress, and sound length arc tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i________.

13.Language acquisition is concerned with language d ______in humans.

14.Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often i_______, not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.

15.The relationship between the name and the meaning of a word is quite a______.

16.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called t_____ rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.

17.A creole language is originally a p______ that has become established as a native language in some speech community.

18.P______refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have more than one meaning.

19.If one contributes more information than is required in a conversation, he/she violates the maxim of q_____.

110.Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from O ______English.

三、判断改错题

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.The description of a language at some point in time is a diachronic study.

22.[θ] and [e] are two dental fricatives in English.

23.Although there are individual differences in onset and rate of language development, children across cultures follow the same order of language development.

24. “Plural” is a morpheme.

25.Language is the only means for thought.

26.Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.

27.A regional dialect is usually spoken by a group of people living in the same community.

28.Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

29.The two sentences “Tom smokes."" and “Tom is smoking.” have the same predication.

210.Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken.

四、名词解释

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.duality

32.word stress

33.second language acquisition (SLA)

34.stem

35.cerebral plasticity

36.AUX-movement

37.speech community

38.sense

39.pragmatics

310.historical linguistics

五、问答题

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Name and describe 5 of the core branches of linguistics.

42.How are semantics and pragmatics related, and how do they differ?