现代语言学2015年4月真题试题（00830）

现代语言学2015年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

现代语言学2015年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830），本试卷总共100分。

一、单项选择题

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. grammars attempt to tell what is in the language while grammars tell people what should be in the language.

A.Prescriptive, descriptive
B.Descriptive, prescriptive
C.Synchronic, diachronic
D.Diachronic, synchronic

2.When the obstruction created by the speech organ is complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a(n) .

A.fricative
B.stop
C.affricate
D.liquid

3.In its history of development, English has dropped quite a few of its affixes; thus in terms of word endings, it is simpler than some other languages such as Russian, French, and German.

A.lexical
B.derivational
C.inflectional
D.morphological

4.The branch of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language is called .

A.phonology
B.semantics
C.morphology
D.syntax

5.The two words “horse” and “animal” are in the sense relation of .

A.homonymy
B.synonymy
C.hyponymy
D.antonymy

6.According to Paul Grice, the Cooperative Principle is nearly always observed but the maxims are often violated. Most of these violations give rise to .

A.conversational implicatures
B.speech acts
C.illocutionary points
D.constatives

7.The following are the major topics of historical linguistics EXCEPT .

A.the historical development of languages
B.the nature of language change and its causes
C.language variation in different places at a given point of time
D.methods and techniques to reconstruct linguistic history

8. is a bilingual country where French and Flemish Dutch are recognized as official languages.

A.Holland
B.Canada
C.Finland
D.Belgium

9.The following utterance “I eggs and eat and drink coffee breakfast” is most likely produced by a patient whose is damaged.

A.Broca’s area
B.Wernicke’s area
C.angular gyrus
D.motor area

10.According to the view of language acquisition, children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced.

A.behaviorist
B.conceptualist
C.mentalist
D.nativist

二、单词填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any a___ system of communication.

12.A p___ is a phonetic unit. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning.

13.Phonetically, the s___ of a compound always falls on the first element.

14.Structurally, a sentence is an independent unit which usually contains a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its p___ .

15.C____ analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning.

16.When X is a c____ , it is invariably false, for example, My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor.

17.The history of English lexical expansion is one that is characterized with heavy b___ and word formation.

18.S____ variation in a person's speed, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual to formal according to the type of communicative situation.

19.The notion that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently is called linguistic r_____ .

110.At some point in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year, the babbling stage gradually gives way to the earliest recognizable stage of language, often referred to as the o____ stage.

三、判断改错题

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written.

22.Tones can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.

23.Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word and modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the part of speech of the original word.

24. Traditionally, two major types of sentences are distinguished, namely, simple sentence and complex sentence.

25.Predication analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning.

26. Stating, believing, swearing and hypothesizing are among the most typical of the representatives.

27. The Old English word “Engla-land” came to be pronounced “England” through the assimilation of “la-la” sounds.

28. Social variation of language is the most discernible and definable speech variation.

29. In general, the left hemisphere controls voluntary movement of, and responds to signals from, the left side of the body.

210. In learning English as a second language, many actual errors, such as “goed” and “datas”, are attributable to negative transfer.

四、名词解释

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31. parole

32. tone

33. free morpheme

34. combinational rule

35. reference

36. context

37. the Great Vowel Shift

38. speech community

39.lateralization

310.acculturation

五、问答题

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Explain the following definition of language:Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for human communication.

42.Explain the three acts a speaker might be performing when speaking according to John Austin"s new model of speech act theory.