Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.
2.According to the passage, people’s learning activity are possible because they（ ）.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.
4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because（ ）.
5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.
问题1选项
A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
B.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them
C.they would not be happy with a life without love
D.they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings
问题2选项
A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing
B.know what is vital to the progress of society
C.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive
D.benefit from providing help and support to one another
问题3选项
A.the ability to make money
B.the capacity to work
C.the stimulus to work
D.the categorizations of our emotional experiences
问题4选项
A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects
B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements
D.they produce more love than hate among people
问题5选项
A.help society exploit its members for profit
B.encourage us to perform important tasks
C.help to perfect the legal and penal system
D.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ____. 人们可能无法活在一个没有情感的世界是因为____。
A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects A. 他们将无法分辨物体的质地
B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them B. 他们将不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害
C. they would not be happy with a life without love C. 没有爱的生活是不会幸福的
D. they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings D. 他们会做伤害彼此感情的事情
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据第一段的第三句：People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial.（人们可能无法活下去：既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。）可知B选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, people’s learning activity are possible because they ____. 根据文章，人们的学习活动是可能的，因为他们____。
A. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing A. 喜欢因做正确的事而得到奖励
B. know what is vital to the progress of society B. 知道什么对社会的进步至关重要
C. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive C. 相信情绪是他们生存的基础
D. benefit from providing help and support to one another D. 从互相提供帮助和支持中获益
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】第一段提到：They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.（他们无法学习：他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。）可知人们的学习活动成为可能是因为人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习，故A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
C、D选项分别在第一段和第二段中提及，但与题干无关，属于出处错位。
第3题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ____. 从文中可以推断，社会的经济基础依赖于____。
A. the ability to make money A. 赚钱的能力
B. the capacity to work B. 工作能力
C. the stimulus to work C. 工作的刺激
D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences D. 我们情感经历的分类
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】第一段提到：Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.（社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。）可知incentives（激励）是经济发展的动力，而incentive可以和C选项的stimulus同义替换，故C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不能根据文章信息推理出来。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Emotions are significant for man’s survival and adaptation because ____. 情绪对人类的生存和适应很重要，因为____。
A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects A. 它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法
B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained B. 它们是社会和谐感的基础，社会是通过和谐感维持的
C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements C. 它们鼓励人们完成危险的成就
D. they produce more love than hate among people D. 它们在人们中间产生的爱多于恨
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第二段中提到的：In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself.（事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自己。）可推知人类的情绪是维持社会的基础，故B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项根据第二段中提到的：True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful.（诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做过或可能做过的事情比它的物理方面更重要——伤害我们、让我们惊讶、激怒我们或让我们快乐。）可知这里强调的是，情绪对人类的生存和适应很重要不是因为我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，而是带给我们情感，属于张冠李戴；
C选项，文中最后提到情感使我们将取得危险成就的人奉为英雄，是想强调情绪能够影响社会价值和和谐，而不是鼓励人们完成危险的成就，且完成危险的成就不是情绪对人类的生存和适应很重要的原因，属于曲解原文；
D选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they ____. 一个物体的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要，因为它们____。
A. help society exploit its members for profit A. 帮助社会为了利益而剥削其成员
B. encourage us to perform important tasks B. 鼓励我们完成重要的任务
C. help to perfect the legal and penal system C. 帮助完善法律和刑罚制度
D. help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us D. 帮助我们使自己的行为适应周围的世界
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第二段中：Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.（从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，我们产生了一种社会共识，即某些事物和行为是“好”的，而另一些是“坏”的，我们将这些分类应用到社会生活的各个方面——从我们吃什么食物，穿什么衣服，到我们如何遵守承诺，以及我们的群体能接受哪些人。）可推知，情感帮助我们产生社会共识，从而使我们适应周围的世界，故D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B、C选项是情绪起作用的具体表现，不具有概括性，属于以偏概全。
