Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.
1. The purpose of this passage is ____.
2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?
3. The reader can conclude that ____.
4. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.
5. The words “prior to” (para. 2) probably mean ____.
问题1选项
A.to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply
B.to explain industrial uses of water
C.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
D.to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem
问题2选项
A.Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.
B.Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.
C.Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.
D.Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.
问题3选项
A.countries of the world will work together on pollution problems
B.byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
C.science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
D.some industries are now making economic use of wastes
问题4选项
A.interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B.opinions and personal observations
C.definitions which clarify important terms
D.strong arguments and persuasions
问题5选项
A.after
B.during
C.before
D.beyond
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
The purpose of this passage is ____. 这篇文章的目的是____。
A. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply A. 提醒读者缺水的问题
B. to explain industrial uses of water B. 解释水的工业用途
C. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems C. 使读者熟悉水污染问题
D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem D. 论证解决污染问题的各种措施
【答案】C
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据文章首段核心句“未来的水问题（water problems）将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题（pollution problems）。”以及Para.2中心句“有两种方法可以减少这种污染的问题。第一种方法涉及废物的处理，以减少其污染危害。”和Para.3中心句“第二种方法是开发所有或部分废物的经济用途。”由此可知，本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，故选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“提醒读者缺水的问题”根据文章主旨可知，本文主要讲的是污水问题以及解决方法，属于无中生有；
B选项“解释水的工业用途”虽在Para.1有所提及，但不是文章的主要内容，属于以偏概全；
D选项虽然文中提及了两种可以减少这种污染问题的方法，作者比较详细地介绍了这两种方法，但作者并没有提供科学的方法或数据来论证这两种方法是否可行，属于推理过度。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage? 以下哪一点没有包括在文章中？
A. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes. A. 工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程。
B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water. B. 稀释废水需要一定量的水。
C. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population. C. 随着人口的增长，对水的需求将会增加。
D. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. D. 土地的精耕细作需要越来越多的化学品。
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据Para.1第四句“迅速发展的工业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程（involve more and more complex chemical processes）”可知，原文并没有说工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程，选项A属于曲解原文，与原文表述不符，故A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项可定位到Para.1第三句“对水的需求增加将大大减少可用来稀释废物的水量”，由此可知“稀释废水需要一定量的水”，故选项B在文中有提及，反向干扰；
C选项可定位到Para.1第二句“我们不断增长的人口将极大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水”，故选项C在文中有提及，反向干扰；
D选项可定位到Para.1倒数第二句“这将涉及越来越多的农用化学品”，由此可知“土地的精耕细作需要越来越多的化学品。”故选项D也有所提及，反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
The reader can conclude that ____. 读者可以得出结论____。
A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problems A. 世界各国将在污染问题上进行合作
B. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace B. 废物的副产品会带来更繁荣的市场
C. science is making great progress on increasing water supplies C. 科学在增加水供应方面取得了很大进展
D. some industries are now making economic use of wastes D. 一些工业正在有效地利用废物
【答案】D
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“许多行业，如肉类和家禽加工厂，目前正在将以前的废物转化为可销售的副产品（converting former waste products into marketable byproducts）。其他工业是废物的潜在经济用途。（potential economic uses）”由此可推知，一些工业现在正在经济地利用废物，故选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“世界各国将在污染问题上进行合作”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“废物的副产品会带来更繁荣的市场”文中虽有提及将废物转化为可销售的副产品，但文中没有线索证明废物的副产品能够带来更繁荣的市场，这只是为减少污染问题而提出来的办法，属于推理过度；
C选项“科学在增加水供应方面取得了很大进展”在文中找不到任何线索，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____. 作者通过使用____来充实文章内容。
A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls A. 采访水控制领域的权威人士
B. opinions and personal observations B. 意见和个人观察
C. definitions which clarify important terms C. 澄清重要术语的定义
D. strong arguments and persuasions D. 强有力的论点和说服力
【答案】B
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点，即“未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，必须立即采取严厉措施减少水污染。”以及陈述个人观察的结果，即“有两种方法可以减少这种污染的问题”，所以选项B正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“采访水控制领域的权威人士”，C选项“澄清重要术语的定义”，D选项“强有力的论点和说服力”均在文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The words “prior to” (para. 2) probably mean ____. 词组“prior to”（第二段）的意思可能是____。
A. after A. 在……之后
B. during B. 在……期间
C. before C. 在……之前，先于
D. beyond D. 在较远的一边，超过，迟于
【答案】C
【考查点】词义推断题。
【解题思路】根据句意“这包括在处置前对固体废物进行处理，以及对液体废物或废水进行处理，以便在最终处置时可以重复使用水或尽量减少污染。”可知，“the processing of solid wastes”应该是在“disposal”之前，C选项“prior to”意为“之前”，故选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“在……之后”、B选项“在……期间”和D选项“在较远的一边，超过，迟于”均不符合题意，故排除。
