Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and their certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1. Mountaineering involves ____.
2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of ____.
3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because ____.
4. Mountaineers compete against ____.
5. Choose the best title for the passage ____.
问题1选项
A.cold
B.hardship
C.physical risk
D.all of the above
问题2选项
A.activity
B.rules
C.uniform
D.participants
问题3选项
A.it is an Olympic event
B.teams compete against each other
C.mountaineers depend on other while climbing
D.there are 5 climbers on each team
问题4选项
A.nature
B.each other
C.other teams
D.international standards
问题5选项
A.mountaineering is different from golf and football
B.mountaineering is more attractive than other sports
C.mountaineering
D.mountain climbers
第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
Mountaineering involves ____. 登山是____。
A. cold A. 寒冷
B. hardship B. 困苦，艰难
C. physical risk C. 身体风险
D. all of the above D. 上述全部
【答案】D
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据原文Para.2的一、二句“人们常常以惊奇的眼光看待那些热衷于攀登高山峻岭的人。因为他们无法理解为什么那些人愿意忍受寒冷和艰难（suffer cold and hardship），并且冒险（take risks）爬上高山?”由此可知，选项A、选项B和选项C均是登山会遇到的事情，故选项D正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“寒冷”只涉及其中一个方面，属于以偏概全；
B选项“困苦，艰难”只涉及登山困难的一个方面，属于以偏概全；
C选项“身体风险”同样也只涉及登山的一个方面，也属于以偏概全。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of ____. 运动和游戏之间的区别与____有关。
A. activity A. 活跃状况
B. rules B. 规则
C. uniform C. 制服
D. participants D. 参加者，参与者
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据Para.3的一、二句“登山是一项运动，而不是游戏。不像高尔夫球和足球那样有人为的规则（man-made rules）。”由此可知，运动和游戏直接的区别就在于规则，故选项B正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“活跃状况”、C选项“制服”和D选项“参加者，参与者”均在原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Mountaineering can be called a team sport because ____. 登山可以被称为团队运动，因为____。
A. it is an Olympic event A. 它是一个奥运会项目
B. teams compete against each other B. 各队互相竞争
C. mountaineers depend on other while climbing C. 登山者在攀登时依赖于其他人
D. there are 5 climbers on each team D. 每队有5名登山者
【答案】C
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据原文Para.4最后一句“的确，登山队之间没有‘比赛’，但当登山队站在岩石表面，被一根可能关乎他们生命的绳子连在一起时，这显然是团队合作。”由此可知，选项C符合原文，故C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“登山是一个奥运项目”在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“各队互相竞争”可定位到原文Para.4最后一句“登山队之间没有‘比赛’”，由此可知，各队之间是不需要竞争的，属于反向干扰；
D选项“每队有5名登山者”在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Mountaineers compete against ____. 登山运动员与____竞争。
A. nature A. 自然
B. each other B. 彼此
C. other teams C. 其他登山队
D. international standards D. 国际标准
【答案】A
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息，我们可定位到原文Para.5第一、二句“登山者知道，他可能不得不与比人类更强大的力量作战。他必须与自然力量作斗争。（fight the forces of nature）”所以选项A正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“彼此”在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
C选项“其他登山队”可定位到原文Para.4最后一句“登山队之间没有‘比赛’”，由此可知，各队之间是不需要竞争的，属于反向干扰；
D选项“国际标准”在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Choose the best title for the passage ____. 为短文选择最好的标题____。
A. mountaineering is different from golf and football A. 登山不同于高尔夫球和足球
B. mountaineering is more attractive than other sports B. 登山比其他运动更有吸引力
C. mountaineering C. 登山运动
D. mountain climbers D. 登山者
【答案】C
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】本文首段开门见山，提出写作对象——登山运动；接着分析登山运动吸引很多人的原因；然后主要介绍了登山运动与其他运动的不同。由此可知，全文是围绕“登山运动”行文的，故C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“登山不同于高尔夫球和足球”可定位到Para.3，作者为了说明登山运动不像其他运动一样有人为的规则，用“高尔夫和足球”举例来说明，这只是介绍登山运动其中的一个特点，不能涵盖全文，属于以偏概全；
B选项“登山比其他运动更有吸引力”可定位到Para.3倒数第二句“但正是这种不受人为规则约束的自由，才使得登山运动吸引了许多人。”由此并不能推知“登山比其他运动更有吸引力”，属于推理过度；
D选项“登山者”不是全文重点描述的对象，原文重点描写的是“登山运动”，属于偷换概念。
