Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in the seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken lip into the language of his family. When one seriously studies axial orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, that becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which lie is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture and by the time he is grown an able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
1.The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that（ ）.
2.Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
3.The world “custom” in this passage most probably means（ ）.
4.According to the passage a person’s life, from his birth to his death（ ）.
5.The author’s purpose to writing this passage is（ ）.
问题1选项
A.custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior
B.the study of social orders can replace the study of custom
C.people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook
D.custom has little to do with our ways of thinking
问题2选项
A.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
B.Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probing of a group of people.
C.An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
D.Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
问题3选项
A.the concept of the true and the false of a society
B.the independently developed social orders
C.the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment
D.the patterns and standards of behavior of a community
问题4选项
A.is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people
B.is predominated by traditional custom
C.is continually influenced by the habits of other communities
D.is chiefly influenced by the people around him
问题5选项
A.to urge individuals to follow traditional customs
B.to stress the strong influence of customs on an individual
C.to examine the interaction of man and social customs
D.to show man’s adjustment to traditional customs
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:B
1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance…The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.”，可知风俗还没有被普遍认为是一件很重要的事情，但是风俗的重点在于它在经验和信仰中所起的主导作用，以及它所表现出来的形式上的多样性。第一段对文章的话题和中心思想做了总体阐述，可判断出作者认为，传统习俗在学术界被忽视的原因在于人们还没有意识到风俗习惯对于我们而言所起的重要作用。选项C符合题意。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken lip into the language of his family.”，可知风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用与个人对传统风俗的影响相反，就好像他的母语词汇量占他自己婴儿时期被家长所接受的语言词汇量之比。可判断出一个人对他所出生的传统习俗几乎没有什么影响，选项A符合题意。根据文章第二段，“Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes”，可知即使在他的哲学探索中，他也无法超越这些刻板印象。可判断出风俗习惯不是对一群人进行哲学探索的直接结果。选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“From the moment of his birth the customs into which lie is born shape his experience and behavior.”，可知从他出生的那一刻起，风俗习惯就塑造了他的经历和行为。可判断不是在出生前就产生影响的，选项C可排除。文章没有提到风俗习惯对于个人和集体的影响和利弊，选项D可排除。选项A符合题意。
3.词义理解题。根据文章最后一段，“The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.”，可知个人的生活史首先是对其社会中传统的模式和标准的调整。可判断出文中的custom是指人类行为的模式和标准。选项D符合题意。
4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“From the moment of his birth the customs into which lie is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture and by the time he is grown an able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.”，可知从他出生的那一刻起，风俗习惯就塑造了他的经历和行为。到他会说话的时候，他已经慢慢开始熟悉文化了；到他长大的时候，能够参加文化活动，文化带来的习惯的信仰就是他的习惯和信仰。可判断出从一个人的出生到死亡，都受到了文化和传统习俗的支配的影响。选项B符合题意。
5.作者意图题。纵观全文，文章开篇就提到了人们还没发现传统风俗对我们的行为和价值观产生的影响，进而忽视了它的重要性。下文用大量的篇幅阐释了传统习俗对我们的影响，乃至于一个人从出生到死亡都会受到文化的影响和支配。可判断出作者写文章的意图在于强调风俗习惯对个人的巨大影响，以引起人们对风俗习惯的重视。选项B符合题意。
