Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
41. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
42. According to the author, the model of Pepsi ______.
43. The two schools of thought ______.
44. This article is supposed to be most useful for those ______.
45. According to Fortune, successful international companies ______.
问题1选项
A.All international managers can learn culture.
B.Business diversity is not necessary.
C.Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D.Most people do not know foreign culture well.
问题2选项
A.is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B.is different from the model of McDonald’s
C.shows the reverse of globalization
D.has converged cultural differences
问题3选项
A.both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B.both advocate that dfferent policies be set up in dfferent countries
C.admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D.Both A and B
问题4选项
A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B.who have connections to more than one type of culture
C.who want to travel abroad
D.who want to run business on International Scale
问题5选项
A.earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B.all have the quality of patience
C.will follow the overseas local cultures
D.adopt the policy of internationalization
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
第1题:
41.【选项释义】
According to the passage, which of the following is true? 根据文章,下列哪项是正确的?
A. All international managers can learn culture. A. 所有的国际经理都可以学习文化。
B. Business diversity is not necessary. B. 业务多元化是不必要的。
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. C. 在商业世界中如何对待文化的观点不同。
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well. D. 大多数人不太了解外国文化。
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据文章第一段可知,文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中,应该怎样对待不同的文化,商业界存在着不同的看法。故C选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项根据第一段最后一句话可知,有些知识只能根据经验获得,所以A选项太过绝对;
B选项说法错误,属于曲解原文;
D选项在文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
42.【选项释义】
According to the author, the model of Pepsi ______. 据笔者介绍,百事可乐的模型为______。
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around A. 符合倡导商业是世界商业的学派的理论
B. is different from the model of McDonald’s B. 与麦当劳的模式不同
C. shows the reverse of globalization C. 显示了全球化的逆转
D. has converged cultural differences D. 融合了文化差异
【考查点】细节事实题
【解题思路】根据题意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句话:Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s.(在如何应对文化多样性的问题上,商界存在着两种思想流派。一是商业是世界商业,全球都在效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。)可知A选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B选项说法错误,麦当劳和百事两者在商业模式上相同,属于曲解原文;
C选项说法错误,根据解析可知,属于反向干扰;
D选项在文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
43.【选项释义】
The two schools of thought ______. 两种思想流派______。
A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures A. 这两份报告都建议,公司应该根据个人文化调整业务方法
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries B. 两者都主张在不同的国家建立不同的政策
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world C. 承认商业世界中文化多样性的存在
D. Both A and B D. A和B选项
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据题意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了两种商业思想流派,可推知商业世界的文化不是单一的,而是多元的,故C选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】A、B选项只是第二种流派的建议,属于以偏概全,因此D选项也错误。
44.【选项释义】
This article is supposed to be most useful for those ______. 这篇文章应该对______最有用。
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity A. 对研究文化多样性的话题感兴趣的人
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture B. 与不止一种文化有联系的人
C. who want to travel abroad C. 想出国旅游的人
D. who want to run business on International Scale D. 想要在国际范围内经营企业的人
【考查点】主旨大意题
【解题思路】根据全文可知,文章主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。D选项符合文章大意,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合全文大意。
45.【选项释义】
According to Fortune, successful international companies ______. 据《财富》杂志报道,成功的跨国公司______。
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas A. 20%或更多的收入来自海外
B. all have the quality of patience B. 所有人都有耐心
C. will follow the overseas local cultures C. 追随海外文化
D. adopt the policy of internationalization D. 采取国际化政策
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句:The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience.(国际上成功的公司都有一个共同的重要品质:耐心。)故B选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项,文中说的是《财富》调查了十多家海外收入超过20%的大公司的国际业绩,而不是报道说成功的跨国公司都有20%或更多的收入来自海外,属于偷换概念;
C、D选项在文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
第2题:
第3题:
第4题:
第5题: