The change in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at that the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those(1)by models take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability.
To(2)the question of attribution requires the(3)of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on(4)maps or patterns of temperature change in(5)and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned(6), and makes it possible to achieve more definitive(7)of observed climate changed to a particular cause or causes.
The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole(8)cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful(9)technique. The basic idea(10)pattern-based approaches is that different(11)causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to (12)a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change(13)by models and those actually observed.
The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible(14)on global climate and that these activities will have and increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are(15)the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric(16)of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the(17)of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the(18)of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the(19)of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climate effects of these particles began only recently and the overall(20)is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.
问题1选项
A.incensed
B.personify
C.interact
D.predicted
问题2选项
A.array
B.ascertain
C.probe
D.perturb
问题3选项
A.application
B.integration
C.avenge
D.intervene
问题4选项
A.conforming
B.comparing
C.biding
D.budgeting
问题5选项
A.junctions
B.junctures
C.obligations
D.observations
问题6选项
A.optionally
B.ornamentally
C.previously
D.predicatively
问题7选项
A.attribution
B.autonomy
C.indication
D.induction
问题8选项
A.immune
B.seasonal
C.formidable
D.perceptible
问题9选项
A.analysis
B.disposal
C.antigen
D.disincentive
问题10选项
A.avenging
B.underestimating
C.ascending
D.underlying
问题11选项
A.potential
B.respectable
C.secretive
D.sturdy
问题12选项
A.weary
B.obtain
C.wink
D.retard
问题13选项
A.oriented
B.kenned
C.predicted
D.lapsed
问题14选项
A.modification
B.nomination
C.penetration
D.influence
问题15选项
A.paving
B.altering
C.retreating
D.saluting
问题16选项
A.stabilities
B.popularities
C.concentrations
D.hierarchies
问题17选项
A.abundance
B.hemisphere
C.fixture
D.distress
问题18选项
A.burial
B.argumentation
C.legislation
D.amount
问题19选项
A.disposals
B.properties
C.certainties
D.blends
问题20选项
A.calculation
B.assignment
C.budget
D.effect
第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:D
第6题:C
第7题:A
第8题:B
第9题:A
第10题:D
第11题:A
第12题:B
第13题:C
第14题:D
第15题:B
第16题:C
第17题:A
第18题:D
第19题:B
第20题:D
1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项incensed“激怒”;B选项personify“拟人化”;C选项interact“互相影响”;D选项predicted“预测”。句意:地球表面发生的全球平均温度的变化在大小和时间上与模型预测的相似。本句表示模型预测了地球表面温度的变化。因此D选项符合题意。
2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项array“排列”;B选项ascertain“确定”;C选项probe“调查”;D选项perturb“扰乱”。此处的意思是调查问题的原因。因此C选项符合题意。
3.考查上下文语义。A选项application“应用”;B选项integration“集成”;C选项avenge“报仇”;D选项intervene“干涉”。此处的意思是运用更强大更复杂的方法来调查原因。因此A选项符合题意。
4.考查动词词义辨析。A选项conforming“符合”;B选项comparing“比较”;C选项biding“忍耐”;D选项budgeting“编制预算”。句意:新的研究集中于比较温度变化图和温度变化模式。本句表示将变化图和变化模式两者进行比较。因此B选项符合题意。
5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项junctions“接合点”;B选项junctures“接缝”;C选项obligations“义务”;D选项observations“观察”。句意:观察到的和模型中的温度变化模式。本句表示观察到的温度变化和模型中的温度变化两方面。因此D选项符合题意。
6.考查副词词义辨析。A选项optionally“随意地”;B选项ornamentally“装饰地”;C选项previously“以前”;D选项predicatively“肯定地”。此处是指之前提到过的。因此C选项符合题意。
7.考查名词词义辨析。A选项attribution“归因”;B选项autonomy“自治”;C选项indication“指示”;D选项induction“归纳”。此处的意思是将观测到的气候变化归因于一个或多个特定的原因。因此A选项符合题意。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项immune“免疫的”;B选项seasonal“季节的”;C选项formidable“强大的”;D选项perceptible“可感知的”。此处的意思是整个季节周期性的均匀变暖。因此B选项符合题意。
9.考查上下文语义。A选项analysis“分析”;B选项disposal“处理”;C选项antigen“抗原”;D选项disincentive“抑制因素”。此处的意思是空间和时间的变化模式提供了一种更强大的分析技术。因此A选项符合题意。
10考查动词词义辨析。A选项avenging“报仇”;B选项underestimating“低估”;C选项ascending“上升”;D选项underlying“成为……的基础”。此处的意思是构成这些方法的基础。因此D选项符合题意。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项potential“潜在的”;B选项respectable“值得尊敬的”;C选项secretive“秘密的”;D选项sturdy“坚定的”。此处的意思是不同的气候变化潜在原因。因此A选项符合题意。
12.考查动词词义辨析。A选项weary“使疲倦”;B选项obtain“获得”;C选项wink“眨眼”;D选项retard“延迟”。此处的意思是试图获得模型预测的变化和实际观测到的气候变化模式之间的指纹匹配。因此B选项符合题意。
13.考查动词词义辨析。A选项oriented“面向”;B选项kenned“知道”;C选项predicted“预测”;D选项lapsed“退步”。此处的意思是模型预测到的变化。因此选项C符合题意。
14.考查名词词义辨析。A选项modification“修改”;B选项nomination“提名”;C选项penetration“渗透”;D选项influence“影响”。此处的意思是人类活动对全球气候产生了明显的影响,四个选项中能和on搭配的只有influence。因此D选项符合题意。
15.考查动词词义辨析。A选项paving“铺设”;B选项altering“变更”;C选项retreating“撤退”;D选项saluting“致敬”。此处的意思是煤炭、石油和天然气的燃烧,以及各种农业和工业活动,正在改变大气的组成。因此B选项符合题意。
16.考查名词词义辨析。A选项stabilities“稳定性”;B选项popularities“流行”;C选项concentrations“浓度”;D选项hierarchies“阶层”。此处的意思是人类活动导致大气中大量温室气体的浓度增加。因此C选项符合题意。
17.考查名词词义辨析。A选项abundance“丰富”;B选项hemisphere“半球”;C选项fixture“设备”;D选项distress“悲痛”。句意:人类活动增加了大气中微粒的数量。也就是说人类活动让大气中微粒的含量更丰富了。因此A选项符合题意。
18.考查名词词义辨析。A选项burial“埋葬”;B选项argumentation“论证”;C选项legislation“立法”;D选项amount“数量”。此处的意思是这些粒子可以改变大气吸收和反射的能量,同时下文中也出现了the amount of energy。因此D选项符合题意。
19.考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposals“处置”;B选项properties“性质”;C选项certainties“必然”;D选项blends“混合物”。此处的意思是这些微粒也可以改变大气层和云层的性质。因此B选项符合题意。
20.考查前后文照应。A选项calculation“计算”;B选项assignment“任务”;C选项budget“预算”;D选项effect“影响”。前文提到“Intensive studies of the climate effects of these particles began only recently”(对这些微粒对气候影响的深入研究直到最近才开始),所以应该是说微粒对气候变化的整体影响还不确定。因此D选项符合题意。