Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
1.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is( ).
2.According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that( ).
3.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes( ).
4.According to the passage parents and coaches should( ).
5.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is( ).
问题1选项
A.to reduce their mental stress
B.to increase their sense of success
C.to make sports less competitive
D.to make sports more challenging
问题2选项
A.it can help them learn more about society
B.it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C.it can provide them with valuable experiences
D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
问题3选项
A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C.so as to make them remember life’s lessons
D.so as to put more pressure on them
问题4选项
A.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B.help children to win every game
C.train children to cope with stress
D.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
问题5选项
A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:C
1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段的第三句话Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.(压力可以是身体上的、情感上的,也可以是心理上的。研究表明,压力会导致倦怠。)可以看出stress导致burnout,那么防止burnout的有效方法应该是减少stress,因此A选项“减轻他们的精神压力”正确。sports本身具有竞争性、挑战性,不在于多或少,问题是怎样看胜负,所以C选项“降低体育运动的竞争性”和D选项“使运动更具挑战性”两项应排除。B项“提高他们获得成功的意识”正是作者不赞成的。
2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第二句话The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place(体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。)因此C选项“它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历”正确。A选项“它可以帮助他们更多地了解社会”定位到第二段and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives(并获得将终生使用的其他社交技能),可以看出文章只说了可以学到社交技能,而不是更多的了解社会;B选项“它能让他们发现自己的缺点”定位到第二段Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.(年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上,发现自己的缺点。)但是这个并不是题干所问的“运动的积极影响”;D选项“它教会他们如何为自己设定现实的目标”,这是文章中没有提及的。
3.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.(教练和父母应该时刻意识到,他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上,发现自己的缺点。)因此换句话说就是B选项“没有意识到批评可能会摧毁他们的自信”正确。A选项“相信批评对他们的早期发展是有益的”;C选项“让他们记住生活的教训”;D选项“为了给他们更多的压力”这三个都不是作者认为教练和家长平常所认为的。
4.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段开头Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children.(教练和家长也应该小心,不要让青少年参与体育运动成为孩子们的工作。)意思是体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务,重在参与,比赛结果并不重要,更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。因此A选项“更加注重让孩子们享受运动”正确。B选项“帮助孩子赢得每一场比赛”;C选项“训练孩子学会处理压力”以及D选项“使孩子们了解运动的积极方面”这都是文章中没有提及的。
5.主旨大意题。通过第一段Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.(压力可以是身体上的、情感上的,也可以是心理上的。研究表明,压力会导致倦怠。)第二段的Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.(教练和父母应该时刻意识到,他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上,发现自己的缺点。)以及第三段的Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.(研究表明,积极的强化比批评更能激励学习,对学习有更大的影响。再次强调,批评会造成高度的压力,从而导致倦怠。)可以看出来,作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力,积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益,因此C选项“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”正确。A选项“教导年轻运动员如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重点;B选项“说服孩子不要担心批评”不符合作者的想法;以及D选项“讨论批评与鼓励相结合的技巧”这也不是作者所倡导的。