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不定项选择题

试题出自试卷《2011年新疆大学考博英语真题及解析》

Four general conditions seen to be necessary for the accumulation of recoverable quantities of petroleum: (1) strata containing organic matter to provide sources for petroleum formation, since oil is probably formed by the decomposition of marine organisms; (2) rocks with openings to serve as porous reservoirs for organic matter which has been buried; (3) impermeable layers of rocks on top of the reservoir rocks to prevent the escape of crude oil; and (4) suitable elevated structure features to allow the oil, water, and gas to separate. Anticlines, faults, unconformities, domes, salt or sculpture plugs, buried coral reefs and additional stratigraphic traps are structural features which may include oil if the first three prerequisites are also met.
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed as tiny marine animals are covered by mud, silt, and sands. The sands and muds, which were deposited on the shores of ancient seas, then were subjected the pressures of other deposits above them and turned into sand-stone and shale. The marine organic matter held in the sand and mud slowly turned into crude oil. More organic matter is preserved in fine sediments because they were generally deposited in deep, quiet water. Petroleum often accumulates in shale, but oil cannot ordinarily be extracted in commercial quantities from shale because it is not porous enough to furnish an adequate reservoir for easy recovery. Therefore, petroleum is more commonly pumped from petroleum bearing porous sandstones and limestone known as petroliferous beds.
Petroleum fields and reserve areas are irregularly distributed throughout the world. Irregular distribution of petroleum from place to place and economic differences have combined to produce an interesting contrast between major producing areas and regions with great reserves. For example, about one-half of the world’s estimated petroleum reserves lie in the Near East (often referred to as the Middle East or Mid East) in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrein, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Neutral Zones, and Turkey. However, these combined countries normally produce about one-fourth of world’s output. Unstable political conditions, inaccessible locations, lack of capital and technical know-how, a restrictive climatic environment, among other handicaps, have combined to reduce potential output. The true significance of the Near East in the petroleum industry lies not only in present production but also in the great reserves yet to be developed.
The United States is both the largest producer and largest consumer of petroleum. The Mid Continent Province, which includes much of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Southeastern New Mexico produces almost one-half of the United States output. Other important petroleum- producing districts include: the Gulf Coast Province of Texas and Louisiana, the California Province, the Rocky Mountain Province, the Illinois-Indiana Province, and the Michigan Province. Some authors consider the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico as a separate petroleum province.
Venezuela normally ranks second to the United States in petroleum production. Most of its production occurs around the shores of Lake Maracaibo, although recent discoveries near the mouth and middle course of the Orinoco River are important. Russia is the third ranking producer of petroleum. Russian oil production is concentrated on the western slopes of the Caspian Sea near Baku and Grozny, and near Ufa in the Volga River Valley and on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains.
Iran, lrag, Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrein, Qatar, the Neutral Zone and Turkey together produce about one-fourth of the world’s petroleum. Most of the remainder of the world’s oil is produced in Indonesia, Mexico, and Rumania. Many other countries produce smaller amounts, but they are generally insignificant in their overall contribution to the world oil picture.
1. Petroliferous beds（ ）.
2. The Largest consumer of petroleum products is（ ）.
3. The output of the Middle East countries has been limited by all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.
4. Lake Maracaibo’s oil reserves（ ）.
5. The importance of the Middle East oil fields（ ）.
6. Petroleum is created by（ ）.
7. Sandstone is created by（ ）.
8. We may assume that scientists are looking for（ ）.
9. One reason why the United States is the largest consumer of petroleum products is that（ ）.

问题1选项
A.are composed of shale
B.are usually made of sandstone and limestone
C.contain marine life
D.are not desirable because the oil cannot be extracted commercially
E.are uniformly throughout the world
问题2选项
A.Venezuela
B.the United States
C.Russia
D.the Middle East
E.Indonesia
问题3选项
A.lack of trained engineers
B.political upheavals
C.lack of shipping facilities
D.the hot climate
E.shale deposits
问题4选项
A.are Venezuela’s only source of oil
B.are inferior to the oil deposits near the Orinoco River
C.make Venezuela a greater oil producer than the Middle East countries
D.make Venezuela independent of the United States
E.are being depleted
问题5选项
A.lies in their use after local supplies are exhausted
B.will grow with greater technology
C.makes cordial international relationships with the Arabs difficult
D.is diminished by the amount of oil in the United States
E.is limited by the Arabian desert
问题6选项
A.manufacture of hydrocarbons
B.decomposition of marine life
C.impermeable layers of rocks
D.sculpture plugs
E.the separation of oil, water, and gas
问题7选项
A.pressure
B.heat
C.volcanic action
D.earthquakes
E.impermeable layers
问题8选项
A.new oil deposits
B.a cheap and effective way of extracting oil from shale
C.new uses for petroleum products
D.ways of improving relations with the Near East
E.another Lake Maracaibo
问题9选项
A.we have more automobiles than any other country
B.we heat our homes with oil
C.we are the largest producers
D.four states produce more than one half of our output
E.we do not need to travel thousands of miles to the Near East for our oil
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