Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts (辍学者) among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition (缩/减员,磨损) at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’
“The results of our research,” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D.s shone in the $7,500 to $15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.D.s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
31. The author states that many educators feel that ___.
32. Research has shown that ___.
33. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D. ___.
34. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that ___.
35. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in ___.
问题1选项
A.steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus
B.the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study
C.the Ph.
D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropoutD. the high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members
问题2选项
A.dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.s in financial attainment
B.the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies
C.D.s in financial attainmentB. the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studiesC.
D.s in financial attainmentB. the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studiesC. the Ph.D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops outD. about one-third of those who start Ph.D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree
问题3选项
A.is the most frequent reason for dropping out
B.is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate
C.is an essential part of many Ph.
D.programsD. does not vary in difficulty among universities
问题4选项
A.optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree
B.a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree
C.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degreeB. a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degreeC.
D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degreeB. a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degreeC. colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D. dropoutsD. Ph.D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions
问题5选项
A.salary for Ph.D. too low.
B.academic requirement too high.
C.D. too low.B. academic requirement too high.C.
D.too low.B. academic requirement too high.C. salary for dropouts too high.D. 1000 positions.
第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:A
31. 【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文定位到第一段开头Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts (辍学者) among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.(教育工作者非常关注哲学博士候选人的高辍学率,以及一个需要博士生的国家随之而来的人才流失)以及第三段Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.(一些人认为,通过说服辍学者回到研究生院攻读博士学位,可以减少受过良好训练的专家和大学教师的短缺)可知一些人希望采取措施说服辍学者重回校园,选A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”;B选项“那些辍学的学生应该回到质量较低的学校继续他们的学业”,C选项“拥有博士学位的人通常比辍学的人更能适应环境”以及D选项“高辍学率很大程度上是由于教员缺乏激励”和原文不符合。因此A选项正确。
32. 【试题答案】D
【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段开头The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent(调查发现,辍学率为31%)可知辍学人数占据三分之一,D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”符合原文;第二段结尾They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.(他们不仅经济状况良好,而且,根据这份报告,他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少)可知A选项“在经济成就方面,辍学者大大低于博士”和原文相悖;原文1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.(1. 缺乏动力是退学的主要原因)可知B选项“激励因素是攻读博士学位的次要因素”和原文相悖;原文3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.(3.大多数辍学者现在从事与他们的教育和动机相一致的工作)可知C选项“如果博士候选人辍学,他很可能改变他的专业领域”和原文相悖。因此D选项正确。
33. 【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“foreign language requirements”定位到原文倒数第三段but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.(但那些提到学术原因的人以未能通过资格考试、未完成研究和未能通过语言考试为由)可推测出外语要求是博士生课程的基本组成部分,选C选项“是许多博士项目的重要组成部分”;倒数第三段Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision(近75%的退学者表示,他们的决定没有学术原因)可知学术原因不是导致退学的主要原因,A选项“是退学最常见的原因”不符合原文;B选项“对理科考生来说比人文学科考生来说更难”以及D选项“不同的大学在难度上没有太大的差别”原文未涉及。因此C选项正确。
34. 【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段开头As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum.(至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性,前景不容乐观)可知无法得出A选项“在让从博士学位辍学的人重新攻读学位的问题上,乐观主义占据了主导地位”这一结论;B选项“一个从博士学位退学的人,总的来说,没有获得学位所需要的条件”以及C选项“学院和大学雇佣了许多退学学生”文章无提及,因此也没有能从文章得出这个结论这一说,排除;根据倒数第二段最后一句This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.D.s. tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.(这也可能表明这样一个事实:在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中,高工资仍然落后于其他领域)可以推测出D选项“博士们在非学术岗位上挣的钱比不上他们应得的”,排除。因此A选项符合题意。
35. 【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段最后一句This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.D.s. tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.(这也可能表明这样一个事实:在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中,高工资仍然落后于其它领域)以及最后一段As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.(至于返回校园的可能性,前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读,条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平,有些还要保留他们目前的工作)推测出高辍学率主要在于博士的薪水太低,选A选项“博士的薪水太低”;倒数第三段Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision(近75%的退学者表示,他们的决定没有学术原因)可知学术要求太高不是导致退学的主要原因,B选项“学术要求太高”错误;根据第二段They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.(他们不仅经济状况良好,而且,根据这份报告,他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少)可知C选项“辍学者的薪水太高”属于过度推断;D选项“1000个职位”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。