The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).
Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is armed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
46. To define science we may simply call it ______.
47. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, ______.
48. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach ______.
49. Which of the following statements does the author imply?
50. The best title for the passage is ______.
问题1选项
A.the study of unrelated subjects
B.an attempt to explain natural phenomena
C.the study of unrelated fields
D.classified knowledge
问题2选项
A.may lead to antiscientific, impure results
B.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell
C.is not always as pure as we suppose
D.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell
问题3选项
A.applied science
B.agricultural science
C.pure science
D.environmental science
问题4选项
A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.
B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.
C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.
D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.
问题5选项
A.The Nature of Science and Scientists
B.Biology and the Scientific Age
C.Hypotheses and Theories
D.On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction
第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:A
第1题:
细节事实题。题干意思是“要定义科学,我们可以简单地把科学称之为……”。第一段最后一句提到Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).(为了使解释尽可能简单,假设科学被定义为分类的知识),由此可知D项“分类的知识”正确。A项“对不相关学科的研究”,原文未提及,A项不选。B项“解释自然现象的一种尝试”,第二段第四句提到For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena.(例如,假设和理论是试图解释自然现象),因此B项错误。C项“对不相关领域的研究”,原文也未提及,C项错误。因此该题选D。
第2题:
细节事实题。题干意思是“导致了显微镜问世的纯科学是……”。文章中最后一段最后两句指出one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science is not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.(我们应该记住,显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现;许多献身于纯科学的科学家并没有因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉;他们从经验中知道,大多数知识最终都会得到应用),由此可知显微镜的问世是先于细胞的发现,且纯科学先于应用科学,故B项“必然先于应用科学,导致细胞的发现”正确,由此可知D项“这是应用科学和细胞发现的必然结果”是不正确的。A项“可能导致反科学、不纯的结果”和C项“并不总是像我们想象的那样纯粹”文中都没有提及。因此该题选B。
第3题:
判断推理题。题干意思是“一个对扩展我们关于氧气的一般知识感兴趣的科学家可能会称他的方法为……”。根据第四段Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is armed at using knowledge for specific purposes(实际上,发现新信息有两种基本方法。一种旨在满足好奇心,被称为纯科学;另一种则是将知识用于特定目的。)可以推断,对于扩展我们关于氧气的一般知识感兴趣的科学家的方法是一种纯科学,因此C项“纯科学”符合题意。A项“应用科学”错误;B项“农业科学”和D项“环境科学”文中都没有提到。因此该题选C。
第4题:
判断推理题。题干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一种说法?”。文章最后一句话提到The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.(许多献身于纯科学的科学家并没有因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉;他们从经验中知道,大多数知识最终都会得到应用。),由此可知从事理论研究的科学家不应该因忽视其发现的应用而受到责备,因为大多数的理论最终都能得到应用,故A项“从事理论研究的科学家不应该因为忽视他们的发现的实用方面而受到指责”正确。B项“今天很少有人对科学的意义有任何概念”,文章首句提到The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. (“科学”这个词在现代社会被如此频繁地听到,以至于几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念),由此可知B项错误。C项“在科学上,区分事实和虚构并不难”,第二段第一句提到Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. (即使在真正的科学中,区分事实和虚构也并不总是容易的),可知C项错误。D项“务实的人能够理解纯科学的意义和目的”,最后一段第一句提到Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards.(有时,注重实际的人忽视了纯科学的意义,只想到它能立即应用于经济回报。)可知,D项也错误。因此该题选A。
第5题:
主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么?”。从文章大意中可知,全文都在围绕科学在每个人心中的定义与重视理论与实践的科学家进行论述,故A项“科学的本质与科学家”更能概括全文。B项“生物学和科学时代”,文章只在第三段提到了生物学;C项“假设和理论”只是第二段的一个例子;D项“论区分事实与虚构”只在第二段提到过。因此该题选A。