The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smelters compared with animals, 21 this is largely because, 22 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 23 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 24__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __25__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __26 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 27 human smells even when these are 28 to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __ 29__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 30 smell receptors in the nose, These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 31 to the brain, However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 32 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 33 to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 34 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 35 new receptors if necessary. This may __36__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 37 of the usual smell of our own house but we 38 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 39 for unfamiliar and emergency signals __40__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
问题1选项
A.although
B.as
C.but
D.while
问题2选项
A.above
B.unlike
C.excluding
D.besides
问题3选项
A.limited
B.committed
C.dedicated
D.confined
问题4选项
A.catching
B.ignoring
C.missing
D.tracking
问题5选项
A.anyway
B.though
C.instead
D.therefore
问题6选项
A.even if
B.if only
C.only if
D.as if
问题7选项
A.distinguishing
B.discovering
C.determining
D.detecting
问题8选项
A.diluted
B.dissolved
C.dispersed
D.diffused
问题9选项
A.when
B.since
C.for
D.whereas
问题10选项
A.unusual
B.particular
C.unique
D.typical
问题11选项
A.signs
B.stimuli
C.messages
D.impulses
问题12选项
A.at first
B.at all
C.at large
D.at times
问题13选项
A.subjected
B.left
C.drawn
D.exposed
问题14选项
A.ineffective
B.incompetent
C.inefficient
D.insufficient
问题15选项
A.introduce
B.summon
C.trigger
D.create
问题16选项
A.still
B.also
C.otherwise
D.nevertheless
问题17选项
A.sure
B.sick
C.aware
D.tired
问题18选项
A.tolerate
B.repel
C.neglect
D.notice
问题19选项
A.available
B.reliable
C.identifiable
D.suitable
问题20选项
A.similar to
B.such as
C.along with
D.aside from
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
第6题:A
第7题:D
第8题:A
第9题:D
第10题:B
第11题:C
第12题:B
第13题:D
第14题:C
第15题:D
第16题:B
第17题:C
第18题:D
第19题:A
第20题:B
第1题:
考查逻辑衔接。A项although表示让步,B项as表示时间或者原因,C项but表示转折关系,D项while表示时间或者对比;根据句子Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, …this is largely because, …animals, we stand upright.(与动物相比,人类常常被认为嗅觉不够敏锐,……这主要原因是因为,……动物,人类直立行走)可知,这里应该是转折的关系;but表示后面的内容是语句重心所在,While也可以表示对比、转折,但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看,后半句语义应当是重心所在,因此正确答案为C。
第2题:
考查语义衔接。A项above“在……上面”,B项unlike“不像”,C项excluding“除……之外”,D项besides“另外”;根据句子but this is largely because, …animals, we stand right.(但是主要原因是因为,……动物,人类直立行走)可知,人类不像动物一样,人类是直立行走的。因此正确答案为B。
第3题:
考查语义衔接及词汇辨析。A项limited“限制的”,be limited to被限制在(指能力的缺点,弱点);B项committed“坚定的,效忠的”,be committed to 致力于;C项dedicated“专注的,献身的”,be dedicated to 献身于,从事于;D项confined“有限制的,封闭的”,be confined to 限制在,局限于(某地或某种境地);根据句子This means that our noses are …to perceiving those smells which float through the air.(这意味着我们的鼻子……闻到漂浮在空气中的气味)可知,我们的鼻子只能感知飘在空气中的气味。B、C错误,D项不符合语义。因此正确答案为A。
第4题:
考查语义衔接。A项catching“抓住”,B项ignoring“忽视”,C项missing“错过”,D项tracking“跟踪,追溯”;根据句子This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, …the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.(.这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味,……附着于地表的大多数气味)可知,我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味,对于大部分停留在表面的气味是闻不到的。首先可以排除A、D项,ignore含有“有意不……”的意思,显然不符合语境。因此正确答案为C。
第5题:
考查逻辑衔接。A项anyway“不管怎样”(表示让步),B项though“尽管”(表示让步或转折),C项instead“相反,然而”,D项therefore“因此”(表示结果);根据句子In fact, …we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it(事实上,我们对气味非常敏感,我们通常没有注意到这一点)可知,本句中的in fact提示了转折关系,因此要选择表示转折的逻辑关系词。四个选项中,只有though能与in fact连用表示转折;因此正确答案为B。
第6题:
考查逻辑衔接。A项even if“即使”(表示让步),B项if only“但愿”(后常接虚拟语气,表示愿望),C项only if“如果”(用于表达条件关系,only表强调),D项as if“似乎”(用于表达比较关系);根据句子In fact, though we are extremely sensitive to smells, …we do not generally realize it(事实上,我们对气味非常敏感,……我们通常没有注意到这一点)可知,四个选项中只有A项even if用于表达让步关系;因此正确答案为A。
第7题:
考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项distinguish“区别”,B项discover“发现”(原先没看见或不知道的事物),C项determine“决定”,D项detect“察觉,发现”(尤指发现有意隐藏之物);根据句子Our noses are capable of…human smells(我们的鼻子能……人的气味)可知,我们的鼻子能察觉(引申为闻到)人的气味;因此正确答案为D。
第8题:
考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项diluted“稀释的(可指液体或气体的稀释)”,B项dissolved“溶解(通常指固体溶解为液体)”,C项dispersed“散开”,D项diffused“扩散,弥漫”;根据句子Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are…to far below one part in one million.(我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味,即使这些气味被……到百万分之一)可知,气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一;因此正确答案为A。
第9题:
考查逻辑衔接。A项when“何时”,B项since“自从”,C项for“为”,D项whereas“然而,鉴于”;根据句子Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, …others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers(奇怪的是,有些人发现他们能闻到一种花却闻不到另一种,……其他人对两种花的气味都很敏感)可知,此处显然构成一种对比关系,只有whereas能用于引导表示转折关系的并列句。因此正确答案为D。
第10题:
考查词汇辨析。A项unusual“不寻常的”,B项particular“特别的”(强调某一个体或某一集团所独有的),C项unique“独特的”(强调独一无二的),D项typical“典型的”;根据句子This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate…smell receptors in the nose.(这可能是因为有些人没有可以在鼻子里产生……嗅觉感受器所必需的基因)可知,此处应该表示特别的嗅觉感受器;因此正确答案为B。
第11题:
考查语义衔接。A项sign“标记”,B项stimuli“刺激”,C项message“信号”,D项impulse“冲动,推动”;根据句子These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send… to the brain.(这些感知器就是细胞,它们能够感知气味,并且向大脑传递……)可知,细胞在这里传递的是信息;因此正确答案为C。
第12题:
考查语义衔接。A项at first“起初”,B项at all“完全,根本”,C项at large“全面地,详细地”,D项at times“有时”;根据句子However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell…can suddenly become sensitive to it(然而,研究发现,甚至对某种特定气味不敏感的人……也能突然变得敏感起来)可知,这里是缺少一个状语修饰整个句子;根据句意B选项最符合。
第13题:
考查语义衔接。A项subjected“使遭受”,be subjected to 表示遭受,屈服于;B项left“剩下的”,be left to表被留给;C项drawn“拔,拉出”,be drawn to表被拖到;D项exposed“暴露”,be exposed to表暴露在……(经常接触);根据句子even people insensitive to a certain smell at all can suddenly become sensitive to it when…to it often enough(当经常……这种气味,即使是对某种气味完全不敏感的人也会突然变得敏感)可知,语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼罩的环境中。因此正确答案为D。
第14题:
考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项ineffective“无效的,失效的”,B项incompetent“无能力的”,C项inefficient“效率低的”,D项insufficient“不充分的”;根据句子The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it…to keep all smell receptors working all the time(对嗅觉不敏感的解释似乎是大脑发现它……让所有的嗅觉感受器一直工作)可知,根据语境,这里应该是说大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的。因此正确答案为C。
第15题:
考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项introduce“介绍”,B项summon“召集,召唤”,C项trigger“触发,引起”,D项create“创造”;根据句子The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it incompetent to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can…new receptors if necessary.(关于鼻子对气味不敏感的解释是大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的,但是如有需要又可以……新的气味感知器)可知,从空格后面的new来判断,只有create才符合逻辑。因此正确答案为D。
第16题:
考查逻辑衔接。A项still“仍然”,B项also“也”,C项otherwise“否则”,D项nevertheless“然而,虽然如此”;根据句子This may…explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.(这或许……解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感-我们根本不需要对自己的气味敏感),“this”这个词表明了逻辑关系应该是并列,翻译成“也”,表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含义,因此正确答案为B。
第17题:
考查语义衔接。A项sure“确信”,B项sick“厌恶”,C项aware“意识到,知道”,D项tired“厌倦”;根据句子We are not…of the usual smell of our own house(我们没有……自己家里平常的气味),可知,这里应该是表示闻到/知道自己家的气味,因此根据句意,正确答案为C。
第18题:
考查语义衔接。A项tolerate“忍受”,B项repel“抵制”,C项neglect“忽视”,D项notice“注意到”;根据句子We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but we…new smells when we visit someone else’s.(我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味,但是在拜访别人家时,我们……新的气味),可知,这里应该是闻到新的气味,因此根据句意,正确答案为D。
第19题:
考查语义衔接。A项available“可达到的,可工作的”,B项reliable“可靠的”,C项identifiable“可辨认的”,D项suitable“适合的”;根据句子The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors…for unfamiliar and emergency signals(大脑发现最好让嗅觉感受器保持……来接收陌生和紧急信号)和前一句 “我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味”可知,这里应该是表示“最好使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉和紧急信号”,因此根据句意,正确答案为A。
第20题:
考查语义衔接。A项similar to“相似于”,B项such as“例如”,C项along with“和……一起”,D项aside from“除……之外”;根据句子The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals…the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.(大脑发现自己最使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号,……预示火的危险的烟的气味)句意可知,这里需要填表示列举意义的短语,因此正确答案为B。