Samuel Slater was born in Belper, England, in 1768. On completion of his seven year apprenticeship in an English spinning mill, he was apparently so worried about the growth, and hence saturation, of the industry in the United Kingdom that, in 1789, without the knowledge of his family, Slater traveled to America at the age of 21. This was done in secret; it was illegal at the time to export anything to the U.S. relating to machinery, including engineers. Also, the U. S. was offering rewards for textile information.
Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York. Initially without any contract, and working alongside the engineers already employed at the Almy and Brown mill, Slater successfully reworked a spinning frame along the lines of Arkwright’s Water Frame. This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown. He understood the whole spinning process and knew which machines were vital to overall success of a mill.
However, that management training and knowledge really came into its own over the next two years as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper. Without these, Slater believed the industry would not flourish. In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. Prior to this, the philosophy of Almy and Brown was to produce only to order. By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a profitable business. This led to building the Old Slater Mill—the first successful U. S. cotton spinning mill. Slater’s view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. As a result, in 1797, Slater broke away and built his own larger mill—the White Mill. Following the success of Slater’s business, the cotton industry really took off and over the next ten or so years, over eighty mills developed. Slater has been called both the “Father of American Industry”, and the “Founder of the American Industrial Revolution”.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
2. According to the passage, Slater was attracted to the Almy and Brown mill because _______.
3. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT one of Slater’s aims in his approach to running a mill?
4. What had Slater proved by 1792?
5. Slater left Almy and Brown to establish ______.
问题1选项
A.Slater’s arrival in America.
B.New York and the Almy and Brown mill.
C.The first three months and achievement of a partnership.
D.Slater’s understanding of the spinning process.
问题2选项
A.they were in Pawtucket
B.they were innovative and had advanced machines
C.he did not have to have a contract
D.they employed professional engineers
问题3选项
A.Maximizing output.
B.Sales development.
C.Belper management techniques.
D.Covering the full process through to knitted goods.
问题4选项
A.That his imported management techniques worked.
B.That the philosophy of Almy and Brown was wrong.
C.That he could build his own successful mill.
D.That he could sell all the yarn he could produce.
问题5选项
A.the Old Slater Mill
B.the White Mill
C.over eighty mills
D.ten or so mills
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 第二段主要讲的是什么？
A. Slater’s arrival in America. A. 斯莱特到达美国。
B. New York and the Almy and Brown mill. B. 纽约、阿尔米和布朗磨坊。
C. The first three months and achievement of a partnership. C. 合伙的头三个月和成就。
D. Slater’s understanding of the spinning process. D. 斯莱特对纺纱过程的理解。
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第二句至第三句内容“一开始，斯莱特没有签订任何合同，他与阿尔米和布朗磨坊的工程师一起工作，成功地按照阿科莱特的‘水架’重新制造了一架纺纱机。这三个月的工作最终促成了与阿尔米和布朗的合作”，可知第二段的主要内容是斯莱特与另外两个工厂的合作以及取得的成就，所以正确答案为C选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项：“斯莱特到达美国”，根据第二段第一句“到了纽约后不久，他就听说了波塔基特的摩西•布朗和威廉•阿尔米的实验工作，他们使用的机器比纽约的珍妮纺纱机更先进”可知该选项是第二段提及的内容，但并不是第二段的主旨，属于以偏概全；
B选项：“纽约、阿尔米和布朗磨坊”，根据第二段第一二句“到了纽约后不久，他就听说了波塔基特的摩西•布朗和威廉•阿尔米的实验工作，他们使用的机器比纽约的珍妮纺纱机更先进。一开始，斯莱特没有签订任何合同，他与阿尔米和布朗磨坊的工程师一起工作，成功地按照阿科莱特的‘水架’重新制造了一架纺纱机”，可知该选项是第二段提及的内容，但并不是第二段的主旨，属于以偏概全；
D选项：“斯莱特对纺纱过程的理解”，根据第二段最后一句“他了解整个纺纱过程，知道哪些机器对工厂的全面成功至关重要”可知该选项是第二段提及的内容，但并不是第二段的主旨，属于以偏概全。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, Slater was attracted to the Almy and Brown mill because _______. 根据这篇文章，斯莱特被阿尔米和布朗磨坊吸引是因为______。
A. they were in Pawtucket A. 他们在波塔基特
B. they were innovative and had advanced machines B. 他们是创新的且有先进的机器
C. he did not have to have a contract C. 他不需要签合同
D. they employed professional engineers D. 他们雇佣专业工程师
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干可以确定答案所在区域为第二段。根据第二段第一句“到了纽约后不久，他就听说了波塔基特的摩西•布朗和威廉•阿尔米的实验工作，他们使用的机器比纽约的珍妮纺纱机更先进”可知是布朗和阿米尔他们的先进机器吸引了斯莱特。正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项：“他们在波塔基特”，根据第二段第一句内容可知他们是在波塔基特，但是与斯莱特被阿尔米和布朗磨坊吸引的原因无关，该选项属于出处错位；
C选项：“他不需要签合同”，根据第二段第二句“一开始，斯莱特没有签订任何合同，他与阿尔米和布朗磨坊的工程师一起工作，成功地按照阿科莱特的‘水架’重新制造了一架纺纱机”可知不签合同与斯莱特被阿尔米和布朗磨坊吸引的原因无关，该选项属于出处错位；
D选项：“他们雇佣专业工程师”，原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, which of the following was NOT one of Slater’s aims in his approach to running a mill? 根据这篇文章，下列哪项不是斯莱特经营工厂的目的之一？
A. Maximizing output. A. 使产量最大化。
B. Sales development. B. 发展市场。
C. Belper management techniques. C. 贝尔珀管理技术。
D. Covering the full process through to knitted goods. D. 涵盖针织产品的整个生产过程。
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干可定位答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段倒数第四句“其他的合作伙伴则认为应该覆盖整个纺织过程，直到成品，包括针织”可知D选项的不是斯莱特经营工厂的目的，而是其他人的，所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项：“使产量最大化”，根据第三段第三句“特别是，他的目标是最大限度地提高机器的产量，并开发市场，以销售所有可以生产的纱线”可知该选项是斯莱特经营工厂的目的之一，该选项属于反向干扰；
B选项：“发展市场”，根据第三段第三句内容可知该选项是斯莱特经营工厂的目的之一，该选项属于反向干扰；
C选项：“贝尔珀管理技术”，根据第三段第一句“然而，管理培训和知识在接下来的两年里真正发挥了作用，斯莱特努力用在贝尔珀被证明非常成功的技术来教育萌芽中的纺织业和商人”可知该选项是斯莱特经营工厂的目的之一，该选项属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What had Slater proved by 1792? 斯莱特在1792年证明了什么？
A. that his imported management techniques worked. A. 他引进的管理技术有效。
B. that the philosophy of Almy and Brown was wrong. B. 阿尔米和布朗的观点是错误的。
C. that he could build his own successful mill. C. 他可以建立自己成功的工厂。
D. that he could sell all the yarn he could produce. D. 他能卖掉他能生产的所有纱线。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干可定位答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第五句“到1792年，斯莱特已经证明，通过运用他在贝尔珀学到的管理技巧，他可以使纺纱成为一项有利可图的生意”可知斯莱特证明了他引进的管理技术是有效的，所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Slater left Almy and Brown to establish ______. 斯莱特离开阿尔米和布朗去建立_______。
A. the Old Slater Mill A. 老斯莱特磨坊
B. the White Mill B. 白磨坊
C. over eighty mills C. 超过八十多家磨坊
D. ten or so mills D. 大约十家磨坊
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干可以定位答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段倒数第三句“结果，在1797年，斯莱特离开并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊——白磨坊”，结合前文说到其他人和他观点不同，认为工厂应该覆盖整个纺织过程，所以该处所说的离开就是指离开了阿尔米和布朗。由此可知斯莱特离开阿尔米和布朗建立了白磨坊，所以正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项：“老斯莱特磨坊”，根据第三段第五句至第六句“到1792年，斯莱特已经证明，通过运用他在贝尔珀学到的管理技巧，他可以使纺纱成为一项有利可图的生意。这导致了老斯莱特纺织厂的建立，这是美国第一家成功的棉纺厂”可知“老斯莱特磨坊”应该是在1972年建立的，该选项属于张冠李戴；
C选项：“超过八十多家磨坊”，根据第三段倒数第二句“斯莱特生意成功后，棉花工业真正起飞了，在接下来的十多年里，有八十多家磨坊发展起来”可知八十多家磨坊是在斯莱特生意成功后的十多年里出现的，不是斯特莱建立的，该选项属于曲解原文；
D选项：“大约十家磨坊”，原文均没有提及，属于无中生有。
