People who let their dogs sleep with them or allow them to lick their faces are no more likely than other dog owners to have the same strains of E. coli bacteria as their dogs, a Kansas State University veterinarian reports.
Dr. Kate Stenske, a clinical assistant professor at the university’s College of Veterinary Medicine, said it’s known that diseases can be shared between dogs and people and that about 75 percent of emerging diseases are transferrable between humans and other animals.
She decided to focus on E. coli, which is common in the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and dogs.
For the study, Stenske analyzed fecal samples from dogs and their owners. She found that 10 percent of human-dog pairs had the same E. coli strains and that these strains were more resistant to common antibiotics than expected. However, owners had more multiple drug-resistant stains than their dogs.
“This makes us think that dogs are not likely to spread multiple drug-resistant E. coli to their owners, but perhaps may spread them to their dogs,” Stenske said in a university news release. “What we learn from this is that antibiotics really do affect the bacteria within our gastrointestinal tract, and we should only take them when we really need to—and always finish the entire prescription as directed.”
There was no evidence that owners who sleep with their dog or allow face licking were more likely to have shared strains of E. coli, according to the study, which was expected to be published in an upcoming issue of the American Journal of Veterinary Research.
However, the study did find an association between antibiotic-resistant E. coli and owners who didn’t wash their hands after petting their dogs or before cooking meals.
“We should use common sense and practice good general hygiene,” Stenske advised. She said the find that close human-dog bonding behaviors aren’t more likely to spread germs is good news because of the physical and psychological benefits of pet ownership. Surveys show that nearly half of all dog owners share their food with their dogs, and more than half allow their dogs to sleep with them and lick their face.
“If you look at one study, 84 percent of people say their dog is like a child to them,” Stenske added.
Future research might look at cat owners and shared E. coli. More Americans own cats than dogs, and cats interact with people in different ways than dogs, Stenske noted.
21. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
22. The reason why the study focuses on E. coli is that ______.
23. Which one is NOT the conclusion of the study?
24. According to Stenske, people should practice general hygiene by ______.
25. The study has brought good news to the dog-owners in that ______.
问题1选项
A.Close human-dog bonding behaviors aren’t more likely to spread germs.
B.Dog owners should not let their dogs lick their faces or sleep with them.
C.It is not hygienic to let dogs sleep with you or lick your face.
D.The E. coli bacteria are spread from dogs to their masters.
问题2选项
A.the samples are easy to get
B.it is a representative of bacterium found in human bowels
C.it is a common bacterium shared by dogs and mankind in bowels
D.it is a bacterium spread easily between human beings
问题3选项
A.Owners have multiple drug-resistant strains than their dogs.
B.Dogs are not likely to spread multiple drug -resistant E. coli to their owners.
C.We cannot take antibiotics casually, but only when we really need.
D.Owners allow face licking are more likely to share strains of E. coli.
问题4选项
A.washing their hands before petting the dogs
B.washing their hands before cooking the meals
C.severing their intimate bond with pet-dogs
D.eating different food from their dogs
问题5选项
A.it allows dog-owners to maintain their intimate bond with dogs at ease
B.dogs and their owners can be immune from viruses if keeping intimate
C.dogs are more favorite than cats in mankind’s view
D.it proves that dogs are dirtier than what we have imagined
第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
What can we infer from the first paragraph? 我们从第一段可以推断出什么？
A. Close human-dog bonding behaviors aren’t more likely to spread germs. A. 人类和狗亲密的行为并不太可能传播细菌。
B. Dog owners should not let their dogs lick their faces or sleep with them. B. 狗主人不应该让他们的狗舔他们的脸或和他们一起睡觉。
C. It is not hygienic to let dogs sleep with you or lick your face. C. 让狗狗和你一起睡觉或舔你的脸是不卫生的。
D. The E. coli bacteria are spread from dogs to their masters. D. 大肠杆菌从狗传播给它们的主人。
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】定位第一段“与其他狗主人相比，让狗和自己一起睡觉或让狗舔自己的脸的狗主人身上携带的大肠杆菌菌株和狗身上的大肠杆菌菌株并不太可能相同（are no more likely）”，从中可以推断，狗主人和狗之间的亲密行为不太可能传播大肠杆菌，所以A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
C选项在第一段没提到，属于无中生有；
B、D选项与文章意思相反，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The reason why the study focuses on E. coli is that ________. 这项研究关注大肠杆菌的原因是________。
A. the samples are easy to get A. 样本很容易得到
B. it is a representative of bacterium found in human bowels B. 它是在人类肠道中发现的细菌的代表
C. it is a common bacterium shared by dogs and mankind in bowels C. 它是狗和人类肠道中共同存在的一种细菌
D. it is a bacterium spread easily between human beings D. 它是一种很容易在人与人之间传播的细菌
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位第三段“她决定把重点放在大肠杆菌上，这种细菌在人和狗的胃肠道中都很常见（common）”，可知，这项研究关注大肠杆菌的原因是人类和狗的胃肠道中都能找到这种细菌，句中提到了common，所以C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项在该段并没有提到样本很容易拿到，属于无中生有；
B选项中的representative没有提到，也是无中生有；
D选项也没提到，无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which one is NOT the conclusion of the study? 哪一个不是这项研究的结论？
A. Owners have multiple drug-resistant strains than their dogs. A. 比起他们的狗，主人有多种耐药菌株。
B. Dogs are not likely to spread multiple drug -resistant E. coli to their owners. B. 狗不太可能把多重耐药大肠杆菌传播给它们的主人。
C. We cannot take antibiotics casually, but only when we really need. C. 我们不能随便服用抗生素，只有在真正需要的时候才服用。
D. Owners allow face licking are more likely to share strains of E. coli. D. 允许舔脸的主人更有可能感染大肠杆菌。
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位第六段“根据这项研究（study），没有证据（There was no evidence）表明和狗一起睡觉或允许狗舔脸的主人更有可能携带大肠杆菌”可知，D选项不是这项研究的结果。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位第四段最后一句“然而，主人比他们的狗有更多的耐药菌株”可知，该项正确；
B选项定位第五段第一句“狗不太可能把多重耐药性大肠杆菌传播给它们的主人，但主人可能会把它们传播给狗”可知，B项正确；
C选项定位第五段第二句“我们从中学到的是，抗生素确实会影响我们胃肠道中的细菌，我们应该只在真正需要的时候服用（only take them when we really need to）”，可知C项正确。
第4题:
【选项释义】
According to Stenske, people should practice general hygiene by ________. 斯滕斯克表示，人们应该通过________保持个人卫生。
A. washing their hands before petting the dogs A. 在抚摸狗狗之前要洗手
B. washing their hands before cooking the meals B. 做饭前洗手
C. severing their intimate bond with pet-dogs C. 切断了他们与宠物狗的亲密关系
D. eating different food from their dogs D. 和他们的狗吃不同的食物
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位第七段“然而，这项研究确实发现了耐抗生素大肠杆菌与那些在抚摸狗狗后（after petting their dogs）或做饭前（before cooking meals）不洗手的主人之间的联系”，以及第八段第一句“Stenske建议我们应该运用常识（use common sense），保持良好的个人卫生（practice good general hygiene）”，综合可知，人们应该在抚摸狗后和做饭前洗手，来保持良好的个人卫生；B项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项正好与原文相反，属于反向干扰；
C选项定位第八段第二句“人类和狗亲密的行为不会更容易传播细菌”，可知C选项属于反向干扰；
D选项错误，狗不太可能传播大肠杆菌给人类，所以该项并不符合题干，属于反向干扰。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The study has brought good news to the dog-owners in that ________. 这项研究给养狗的人带来了好消息，因为________。
A. it allows dog-owners to maintain their intimate bond with dogs at ease A. 它可以让狗主人轻松地与狗保持亲密的关系
B. dogs and their owners can be immune from viruses if keeping intimate B. 狗和它们的主人如果保持亲密关系，可以对病毒免疫
C. dogs are more favorite than cats in mankind’s view C. 在人类看来，狗比猫更受欢迎
D. it proves that dogs are dirtier than what we have imagined D. 证明狗比我们想象的更脏
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位第八段第二句“人类和狗亲密的行为不会更容易传播细菌，这是一个好消息（good news），因为养宠物对身体和心理都有好处”，可知，这个研究带来的好消息就是狗主人可以和狗狗保持亲密的关系，A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、D选项没有提到，属于无中生有；
C选项定位文章最后一句“养猫的美国人比养狗的多，而且猫与人交往的方式与狗不同”可知，猫比狗受欢迎只是对于美国人而言，并不代表全人类，所以该项曲解原文。
【文章来源】《ABC新闻》（ABC News）2009
【参考译文】
堪萨斯州立大学的一名兽医报告称，让狗狗和自己一起睡觉或让狗狗舔自己的脸的人并不比其他养狗的人更容易携带与狗狗相同的大肠杆菌菌株。
该大学兽医学院的临床助理教授凯特•斯滕斯克博士说，众所周知，疾病可以在狗和人之间传播，大约75%新出现的疾病可以在人类和其他动物之间传播。
她决定将重点放在大肠杆菌上，大肠杆菌在人和狗的胃肠道中都很常见。
在这项研究中，斯滕斯克分析了狗及其主人的粪便样本。她发现，10%的人狗伴侣具有相同的大肠杆菌菌株，而且这些菌株对常见抗生素的耐药性比预期的要高。然而，主人比他们的狗有更多的多重耐药菌株。
“这让我们认为，狗不太可能将多重耐药大肠杆菌传播给它们的主人，但也许主人会把它们传染给他们的狗，”斯滕斯克在一份大学新闻稿中说。“我们从中学到的是，抗生素确实会影响我们胃肠道内的细菌，我们应该只在真正需要的时候服用，并始终按照指导完成整个处方。”
这项研究预计将发表在即将出版的《美国兽医研究杂志》上，研究表明，没有证据表明与狗狗一起睡觉或允许舔脸的主人更有可能感染同一种大肠杆菌。
然而，这项研究确实发现了耐抗生素大肠杆菌与宠物主人在抚摸狗狗后或做饭前不洗手之间的联系。
斯滕斯克建议：“我们应该根据常识，养成良好的个人卫生习惯。”她说，由于养宠物对身体和心理都有好处，人类和狗之间亲密接触行为不会更容易传播细菌的发现是个好消息。调查显示，近一半的狗主人会和狗狗分享食物，超过一半的人会让狗狗和他们一起睡觉，还会舔他们的脸。
“如果你看一项研究，84%的人说他们的狗就像他们的孩子，”斯滕斯克补充说。
未来的研究可能会着眼于猫主人和共享的大肠杆菌。斯滕斯克指出，养猫的美国人比养狗的多，而且猫与人互动的方式与狗不同。
