Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is (1) as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is (2) and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this (3) has taken place we must briefly look (4) our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million years evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very (5) depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became (6) changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers (7)prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, after this (8) long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, (9) put to a new use—that of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of (10) were no longer essential for survival.
问题1选项
A.exhibited
B.displayed
C.paraded
D.revealed
问题2选项
A.accurate
B.inaccurate
C.comfortable
D.uncomfortable
问题3选项
A.transformation
B.transmission
C.transaction
D.transition
问题4选项
A.at
B.up
C.into
D.on
问题5选项
A.image
B.pledge
C.survival
D.appeal
问题6选项
A.restrictively
B.radically
C.practically
D.exclusively
问题7选项
A.and
B.or
C.but
D.so
问题8选项
A.immensely
B.immerse
C.imminently
D.permanent
问题9选项
A.was
B.were
C.is
D.are
问题10选项
A.hunting
B.farming
C.killing
D.penning
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:C
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:A
第9题:A
第10题:A
1.考查动词辨析。A选项exhibited“表现出;展览”;B选项displayed“陈列;展示;表露(特点、素质、情感)”;C选项paraded“(为使自己获益而)展示;游行”;D选项revealed“透露;揭露”。句意:从生物学角度来看,现代足球运动员______是伪装的狩猎群体中的一员。根据语境,这里是生物学的角度显示出现代足球运动员是伪装的狩猎者,D选项revealed“透露;揭露”符合题意。因此D选项正确。
2.考查形容词辨析。A选项accurate“准确的;精确的”;B选项inaccurate“不准确的”;C选项comfortable“舒服的”;D选项uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意:如果他目标______,并且得分,会享受类似猎人杀死猎物取得胜利的感觉。根据语境,这里指足球运动员踢进足球赢得分数,A选项accurate“准确的;精确的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
3.考查名词辨析。A选项transformation“转变;(彻底的)变化”;B选项transmission“传送;传播”;C选项transaction“交易”;D选项transition“转型;(逐渐地)转向”。句意:为了理解这种______是如何发生的。根据文章第一句可知体育活动本质上是狩猎行为的改良,所以体育活动是从狩猎行为演变而来,A选项transformation“转变;(彻底的)变化”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
4.考查固定搭配。A选项look at“看;考虑;着眼于”;B选项look up“查阅;(久别后)拜访”;C选项look into“观察;调查;浏览”;D选项look on“看待;视作”。句意:我们必须简略地______我们的祖先。根据语境,这里是指看看我们的祖先的具体情况,A选项look at“看;考虑;着眼于”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
5.考查名词辨析。A选项image“想象”;B选项pledge“诺言;抵押”;C选项survival“幸存”;D选项appeal“上诉;吸引力”。句意:他们的______取决于在猎场上的成功。根据语境,这里指在猎场上成功捕到猎物让他们生存下来,C选项survival“幸存”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
6.考查副词辨析。A选项restrictively“限制性地”;B选项radically“从根本上,彻底地”;C选项practically“实事求是地”;D选项exclusively“唯一地,专有地”。句意:在这种压力下,他们的整个生活方式,甚至他们的身体,都发生了______变化。根据上文,这里指成功捕猎才能存活的压力让我们的祖先发生了变化,以及下一句中交代的追逐、赛跑、跳高、瞄准、投掷等,可知这是生活方式和身体上质的变化,B选项radically“从根本上;彻底地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。
7.考查连词辨析。A选项and“和”;B选项or“或者”;C选项but“但是”;D选项so“所以”。句意:他们成为追逐者、赛跑者、跳高者、瞄准者、投掷者______捕食者。根据语境,这里表示并列,包含这里列出的所有身份,A选项and“和”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
8.考查词义辨析。A选项immensely“极其地;非常地”;B选项immerse“使浸没于;沉浸在”;C选项imminently“紧急地;迫切地”;D选项permanent“永恒的”。句意:然后,大约一万年前,在经历了______漫长的狩猎形成时期之后,他们成为了农民。根据语境,这里的一万年非常久,A选项immensely“极其地,非常地”修饰long“长的”比较合理。因此A选项正确。
9.考查主谓一致。句意:他们的智力提高了,这对它们以前的狩猎生活至关重要,现在智力又有了新的用途——圈养、控制和驯养猎物。根据主语是intelligence确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,根据动作发生在以前确定用一般过去时,所以A选项was正确,其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。
10.考查名词辨析。A选项hunting“捕猎”;B选项farming“耕作”;C选项killing“谋杀”;D选项penning“用石块铺砌”。句意:______的风险和不确定性不再是生存的必要条件。根据上文,捕猎是生存的必要条件,A选项hunting“捕猎”符合题意。因此A选项正确。