Accidents are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves or others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
It is not always, clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment—noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.
1. The passage might be taken from ______.
2. The writer indicates that ______.
3. Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor of accidents?
4. “Accident-prone” (Para 2) probably means ______.
5. Which of following could serve as the best title for this passage?
问题1选项
A.a text book
B.a science fiction
C.a popular magazine
D.an annual report of a company
问题2选项
A.British people are often absent minded.
B.doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents.
C.drivers are the factor leading to road accidents.
D.there are always some people who fail to observe regulations.
问题3选项
A.anxiety
B.tiredness
C.bad weather
D.carelessness
问题4选项
A.liable to have accidents
B.likely to be killed in accidents
C.responsible for road accidents
D.possible to avoid accidents
问题5选项
A.Causes of Accidents
B.Prevention of Accidents
C.Results of Accidents
D.Accidents and Anxiety
第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:A
1.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要讲述的是事故发生的人为原因，第一段点明主题Accidents are caused; they don't just happen.（事故是人为造成的，不是自然发生的）；第二段和第三段讲交通事故发生的人为原因；第四段进一步分析举例论证事故发生的人为因素。这样的文章结构相比较而言更可能出现在教科书上，A项“一本教科书”正确；事故的原因不可能会出现在B项“一本科幻小说”、C项“一本受欢迎的杂志”或者D项“一份公司年度报告”中。因此，该题选择A项正确。
2.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者指出……”。根据第四段中的For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident.（例如，法律要求所有工厂采取安全预防措施，大多数公司都有安全委员会以确保这些规定得到遵守，但是，在英国每天仍然有大约5万名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A项“英国人经常心不在焉”和D项“总有一些人不遵守规章制度”与文章不符；B项“医生应该在工厂工作以避免事故”没有提到；根据第三段最后一句These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，C项“司机是导致交通事故的因素”表述无误。因此，该题选择C项正确。
3.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一个选项没有被提到是导致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句话指出But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.（但往往是一连串的事件导致了不幸—沮丧、疲劳或只是坏脾气—事故其实是对自己的一种攻击。）可知，A项“焦虑”和B项“疲惫”正确；根据第三段最后一句These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，D项“粗心大意”也正确；只有C项“天气不好”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。
4.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根据第二段Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves or others.（例如，交通事故经常发生在家庭争吵之后，我们都知道那些accident-prone的人，他们经常与自己和世界发生冲突，以至于他们似乎给自己或他人造成了事故。），结合语境可以推测，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易发生事故的”，A项“容易发生事故”正确；B项“可能在事故中死亡”、C项“对交通事故负责”和D项“可能避免事故”都不对。因此，该题选择A项正确。
5.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“下列哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？”。整篇文章通篇讲述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A项“事故的原因”最符合；B项“预防交通事故”、C项“事故的结果”和D项“事故和焦虑”概括都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。
