Man and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.
Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of New Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men. “These findings suggested that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior,” said Haier, adding that, “by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain.”
The results are detailed in the online version of the journal NeuroImage. In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that while men and women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways, men and women perform equally well on broad measures of cognitive ability, such as intelligence tests.
This research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located in the frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions in a man’s frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero respectively. This matches up well with clinical data that shows frontal lobe damage in women to be much more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope that this research will someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders in men and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precise treatments for brain damage.
21. Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 1?
22. According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because ________.
23. Which of the following statements is true about gray brain matter?
24. Which of the following statements is false about white brain matter?
25. The final paragraph suggests that ________.
问题1选项
A.The brain is a monolithic organ.
B.Intellectual ability depends on which part of the brain is used.
C.Intellectual ability varies between men and women.
D.The anatomy of men’s brains and women’s brains differ.
问题2选项
A.it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the brain when dealing with diseases that affect thought processes
B.it shows that men and women are equally intelligent
C.it shows that men and women are equally intelligent overall, but specialize in different ways of thinking
D.many diseases of the brain are specific to gender or the other
问题3选项
A.It helps put together information from different parts of the brain.
B.It is used for processing information.
C.There is less of it in men’s brains.
D.There is a direct correlation between the amount of gray brain matter and mathematical ability.
问题4选项
A.Women have more of it than men.
B.It is used for putting together information from different parts of the brain.
C.There is direct correlation between the amount of white brain matter and linguistic ability.
D.The amount of white brain matter is not directly related to overall intelligence.
问题5选项
A.men and women are equally intelligent
B.men and women have different frontal lobes
C.head injuries can have varied effects, according to whether a person is male or female
D.the research will be useful to other scientists
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:C
21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Man and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study.（根据一项新的研究，男人和女人的想法确实不同，至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。），可知男女在大脑结构上不同，所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”：文章没有单独提出来，故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”，C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”：根据第一段第三、四句This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知男女的智力没有不同，也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距，故错误。因此D选项正确。
22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句These findings suggested that…by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain.（这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域，这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。），可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病，所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时，有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明，但思考方式不同”：根据第二段第二句Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men.（他们的研究结果显示，总体而言，男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍，而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。），这表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一样，故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。
23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知灰质用来处理信息，所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确，A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能，故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”：根据第二段第二句men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to intelligence compared with women（男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰质更多，故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”：根据第三段倒数第二句For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好，比如数学），用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好，不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。
24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills（女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好，这有助于语言技能），这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系，所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”：根据第二段第二句women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men（女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”：根据第三段第二句In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知符合文章意思，故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”：根据第一段第三、四句This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系，符合文章意思，故错误。因此C选项正确。
25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句This research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other.（这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。），可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同，所以C选项“根据性别不同，头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”：根据第四段第二句For example, in women 84 percent of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located in the frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions in a man’s frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero respectively.（例如，女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关，而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。），这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同，而不是说男女额叶本身的不同，故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”：最后一段没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。
