Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores choice among them is limited.
41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ______.
42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______.
43. The word “appraisal” most probably means ______.
44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “______”.
45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means ______.
问题1选项
A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
B.behave appropriately in relation to other people
C.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D.make friends with other people
问题2选项
A.in order to identify themselves with others
B.in order to better identify others
C.as their mental processes change
D.as the situation changes
问题3选项
A.involvement
B.appreciation
C.assessment
D.presentation
问题4选项
A.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
B.identification of other people’s statuses
C.selecting one’s own statuses
D.constant mental process
问题5选项
A.different people have different styles of clothes
B.ready-made clothes may need alterations
C.statuses come ready made just like clothes
D.our choice of statuses is limited
第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
第1题:
41.【选项释义】
41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ______. 41. 在第一段，作者告诉我们，身份可以帮助我们______。
A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job A. 确定一个人是否适合某一份工作
B. behave appropriately in relation to other people B. 在与他人的关系中举止得体
C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己
D. make friends with other people D. 与他人交朋友
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人类奇妙的发明，它使我们能够彼此相处（get along with one another），帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位置。日常生活中，我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如，我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者，还是图书馆管理人员，打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出，身份可以帮助我们做出判断，无论是对自己还是对他人的身份，所以身份可以帮助我们在与人交往中做出恰当的行为。B项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“确定一个人是否适合某一份工作”是确定身份，而不是适合的工作，属于曲解原文；
C选项“在不熟悉的情况下保护自己”没提到，无中生有；
D选项“与他人交朋友”并不全面，以偏概全。
第2题:
42.【选项释义】
42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______. 42. 根据作者的观点，人们通常会假设不同的身份，______。
A. in order to identify themselves with others A. 以与他人认同
B. in order to better identify others B. 为了更好地识别他人
C. as their mental processes change C. 随着心理过程的变化
D. as the situation changes D. 随着情形的变化
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人的不同而变化，并且在一生中不断变化”，综合理解可推断，我们的身份是随着情形场合的变化而有所不同，所以D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“以与他人认同”没提到，无中生有；
B选项“为了更好地识别他人”中的others应该改为status，该项曲解原文；
C选项“随着心理过程的变化”是“我们的行为符合他人的行为”的基准，与题干无关，张冠李戴。
第3题:
43.【选项释义】
43. The word “appraisal” most probably means ______. 43. appraisal这个词的意思很可能是______。
A. involvement A. 参与
B. appreciation B. 欣赏
C. assessment C. 评估
D. presentation D. 展示
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】根据appraisal定位至第二段倒数第二句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为，这是基于一个持续的appraisal和解释的心理过程”，从a constant mental process（一个持续的心理过程）可推测，这里涉及一个动脑的过程，而在做出interpretation（解释，阐述）之前自然需要评价或鉴定的环节，所以选择项assessment应该是最为接近的词义，C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“参与”、B选项“欣赏”、D选项“展示”曲解原文。
第4题:
44.【选项释义】
44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “______”. 44. 根据第二段最后一句，代词“it”指的是“______”。
A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately A. 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应
B. identification of other people’s statuses B. 对他人身份的认同
C. selecting one’s own statuses C. 选择自己的身份
D. constant mental process D. 持续的心理过程
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“尽管有些人觉得这个任务（task）比其他人更难，但大多数人都毫不费力地完成了它（it）”，可知it指代的是前面的task，而根据上一句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为（that we fit our actions to those of other people），这是基于一个持续的评估和解释的心理过程”，可看出task指的是上一句中的that we fit our actions to those of other people（我们的行为符合他人的行为）。因此，A项正确。
【干扰项排除】B选项“对他人身份的认同”、C选项“选择自己的身份”、D选项“持续的心理过程”都指代错误，曲解原文。
第5题:
45.【选项释义】
45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means ______. 45. 作者说“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，意思是______。
A. different people have different styles of clothes A. 不同的人有不同风格的衣服
B. ready-made clothes may need alterations B. 现成的衣服可能需要修改
C. statuses come ready made just like clothes C. 身份就像衣服一样是现成的
D. our choice of statuses is limited D. 我们对身份的选择是有限的
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段第二句“但是，美国人并不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，根据第一句“身份被比作现成的衣服”，以及最后一句“在做了一些小的调整后，我们往往被限制在商店的选择是有限的”，可知，身份就像衣服一样，可以选择合适的衣服的商店是有限的，那么综合理解，“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”是说明身份的选择是受限制的。因此，该题选择D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“不同的人有不同风格的衣服”和B选项“现成的衣服可能需要修改”中的衣服在文中只是一个比喻，该两项曲解原文；
C选项“身份就像衣服一样是现成的”不符合原文，曲解原文。
