What kind of human being will the future spaceman be? Will he need bones of steel and powerful muscles to resist rocket thrust, the lungs of a glass blower, a mighty heart, the calmness of an acrobat, unconscious death urges, or a schizophrenic (患精神分裂症的) drove toward isolation? Popular ideas of a spaceman tend to be funny composites of fiction and fact.
A more realistic portrait emerges from the young science of bioastronautics, the newest and strangest of medical disciplines. The astronaut may be described as a young man of high intelligence who is normal to an abnormal degree. On earth he may well have been a high jumper, or acrobat. He must be highly motivated, carefully trained, and he must want to come back.
His heart and lungs must be healthy but need not be exceptionally developed, for his cabin will be pressurized. Huge muscles may actually be disadvantageous, for he will have almost no way to get exercise, and he will find that the strength of a year-old child is adequate in the weightlessness of space. A firm body and a short, strong neck will help him to withstand the tremendous forces encountered at take-off. Most important physically, his digestive system must be one that will not be upset by weightlessness; he must not be subject to motion sickness.
46. All the following are popular beliefs about the future spaceman EXCEPT that ______.
47. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a more realistic image of the future spaceman?
48. Bioastronautics is mostly related to ______.
49. “normal to an abnormal degree” (Para. 2) means ______.
50. To the future spaceman, what is most physically important is that ______.
问题1选项
A.faced with isolation, he is brave enough and not liable to go mad
B.he needs to have a strong death complex
C.he must have strong bones and powerful muscles
D.he must be cool-headed
问题2选项
A.He must have superior intelligence.
B.He is young.
C.He should have a strong desire to survive.
D.He doesn’t get upset easily.
问题3选项
A.literature
B.the science of medicine
C.biology
D.disciplines and regulations
问题4选项
A.seemingly normal but actually abnormal
B.so ordinary that he is undistinguished in every way
C.extremely healthy, and there is nothing abnormal with him
D.so normal that no one believes it is true
问题5选项
A.his vital capacity must be as great at a glass blower’s
B.he must have a short and firm neck
C.his heart must be comparatively large
D.his digestive system should not be upset by weightlessness
第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:D
第1题:
46.【选项释义】
46. All the following are popular beliefs about the future spaceman EXCEPT that ______. 46. 下面这些都是关于未来宇航员流行的信念，除了______。
A. faced with isolation, he is brave enough and not liable to go mad A. 面对孤立，他是足够勇敢的，不会发疯
B. he needs to have a strong death complex B. 他需要有强烈的死亡情结
C. he must have strong bones and powerful muscles C. 他必须有强壮的骨骼和强壮的肌肉
D. he must be cool-headed D. 他必须头脑冷静
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干的关键信息popular beliefs定位至文章第一段，第二句对此有描述“他需要钢铁般的骨骼和强壮的肌肉来抵抗火箭的推力（bones of steel and powerful muscles），需要吹玻璃者的肺，需要强大的心脏，需要杂技演员的冷静（the calmness of an acrobat），需要无意识的死亡冲动（unconscious death urges），还是需要一个被推向孤立的精神分裂症？”，从中可知，只有A项不符合原文，文中虽然提到了“孤立”，但重点是“精神分裂症”，所以该题选择A项。
【干扰项排除】B选项“他需要有强烈的死亡情结”、C选项“他必须有强壮的骨骼和强壮的肌肉”和D选项“他必须头脑冷静”都包括在内。
第2题:
47.【选项释义】
47. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a more realistic image of the future spaceman? 47. 以下哪一项不是作者认为的更现实的未来宇航员的形象？
A. He must have superior intelligence. A. 他一定有过人的智慧。
B. He is young. B. 他是年轻的。
C. He should have a strong desire to survive. C. 他应该有强烈的求生欲望。
D. He doesn’t get upset easily. D. 他不容易生气。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干中的信息a more realistic image定位至文章第二段，文中对于未来宇航员现实的形象有描述：宇航员可以被描述为一个智力超群的年轻人（a young man of high intelligence），他的正常程度达到了不正常的程度。在地球上，他很可能是个跳高运动员，或者杂技演员。他必须有高度的积极性，经过仔细的训练，他必须想要回来（he must want to come back）。从中可知，只有D项“他不容易生气”在文中是没有提及的，属于无中生有。所以，该题选择D项。
【干扰项排除】A选项“他一定有过人的智慧”、B选项“他是年轻的”和C选项“他应该有强烈的求生欲望”都符合原文。
第3题:
48.【选项释义】
48. Bioastronautics is mostly related to ______. 48. 生物航天大多与______有关。
A. literature A. 文学
B. the science of medicine B. 医学科学
C. biology C. 生物
D. disciplines and regulations D. 规程和规定
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据关键词Bioastronautics定位至第二段第一句“生物航天（Bioastronautics）这门年轻的科学是最新、最奇特的医学学科（medical disciplines），它的描绘更为现实”，可知，生物航天是一门医学学科，所以它与医学相关。因此，该题选择B项。
【干扰项排除】A选项“文学”、C选项“生物”和D选项“规程和规定”没有提及，无中生有。
第4题:
49.【选项释义】
49. “normal to an abnormal degree” (Para. 2) means ______. 49. 第二段“正常到不正常的程度”的意思是______。
A. seemingly normal but actually abnormal A. 表面上正常，实际上不正常
B. so ordinary that he is undistinguished in every way B. 他是如此平凡，以至于在各方面都不出众
C. extremely healthy, and there is nothing abnormal with him C. 他非常健康，没有什么不正常的
D. so normal that no one believes it is true D. 如此正常没人相信这是真的
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第二段第二句“宇航员可以被描述为一个智力超群的年轻人，他的正常程度达到了不正常的程度（normal to an abnormal degree）”，这是作者在文章中对于现实的未来宇航员的描述，结合后一句“在地球上，他很可能是个跳高运动员，或者杂技演员”，综合理解可推断，作者认为现实中未来宇航员也是一个普通的人，所以normal to an abnormal degree在这里是指“普通到不能再普通的地步了”，B选项“他是如此平凡，以至于在各方面都不出众”符合这一描述。
【干扰项排除】A选项“表面上正常，实际上不正常”、C选项“他非常健康，没有什么不正常的”和D选项“如此正常没人相信这是真的”理解错误，属于曲解原文。
第5题:
50.【选项释义】
50. To the future spaceman, what is most physically important is that ______. 50. 对于未来的宇航员来说，最重要的是______。
A. his vital capacity must be as great at a glass blower’s A. 他的肺活量肯定和吹玻璃的工人一样大
B. he must have a short and firm neck B. 他的脖子一定又短又结实
C. his heart must be comparatively large C. 他的心脏一定比较大
D. his digestive system should not be upset by weightlessness D. 他的消化系统不会因为失重而紊乱
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干中的关键信息“most physically important”定位至文章最后一句话“对身体最重要的是（Most important physically），他的消化系统必须不会因失重而紊乱”，从中可知，对于未来的太空人来说，最重要的事情就是他的消化系统不会由于失重而紊乱。因此，该题选择D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“他的肺活量肯定和吹玻璃的工人一样大”和C选项“他的心脏一定比较大”定位至最后一段第一句“他的心脏和肺必须是健康的，但不需要特别发达（need not be exceptionally developed），因为他的机舱将有压力”，可知这两项曲解原文；
B选项定位最后一段倒数第二句“一个结实的身体和一个短而强壮的脖子将帮助他承受在起飞时遇到的巨大的力量”，可知，“他的脖子一定又短又结实”确实是未来宇航员具备的，但不是最重要的，属于张冠李戴。
