Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic level. Not the disease itself— there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen (致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world—for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities—but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.
1. Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off’？
2. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believe_____.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer’s opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_____.
4. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.
5. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?
问题1选项
A.Became very popular
B.Reached its lowest level in popularity
C.Stopped being popular
D.Stopped increasing its popularity
问题2选项
A.to be based on inactive life style
B.to be due to anxiety
C.to result from environmental influences
D.to be caused by heavy smoking
问题3选项
A.positive
B.negative
C.neutral
D.approving
问题4选项
A.cancer risk is on the rise
B.the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C.the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceive
D.cancer can be cured sooner or later
问题5选项
A.Cancer and Environment
B.The Fear Caused by Cancers
C.Data on Cancer Incidence
D.Cancer and its Investigation
第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:A
1.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第三四句话Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety.“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率（），某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，第二步，上下文语义衔接except for这里是一个状语，and连接两个句子，这两个句子之间存在并列或者递进关系，后面的句子是一些癌症正在减少，所以leveling off应该是减少或者持平、平稳的意思，从后面那句的连词but也可知，前面的句意也是but后面的意思相反，也就是癌症虽然发病率减少但是对癌症的恐惧却正在增加，由此可知答案选D选项“不再增长”；
A选项“变得受欢迎”不符题意，属于无中生有；
B选项“达到最低水平”，不符题意，属于无中生有；
C选项“不再受欢迎”，不符题意，属于无中生有。
2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第六句The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up”.“一般来说，80%到90%的癌症都是由环境因素造成的，这种说法多少有些科学依据，但它意味着，在整个环境得到‘清理’之前，我们谁也不会安全”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知答案选C选项“受环境的影响”；
A选项“以消极的生活方式为基础”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“由于焦虑”定位到第四句，But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety“但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”，这里讲的是国家处于焦虑的风险，而不是人因为焦虑增加患癌的风险，这里属于出处错误；
D选项“因为酗烟”定位到第三句Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking,“除了肺癌，肺癌主要是由吸烟引起的”，这里单指吸烟增加患肺癌的风险但是题干是指的是患癌症，肺癌只是癌症的一种，这里属于以偏概全。
3.观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章倒数一二句these data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities—but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.“这些数据表明，可能有一些特殊的、具体的环境影响，很大程度上取决于个人的生活方式，决定了不同社区中各种癌症的发病率——但这只是所有数据所表明的。如果把所有病例都计算在内，癌症的总体发病率可能在世界各地都大致相同”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知作者认为环境对健康的其实是没有影响的，有影响的是人们的生活方式，由此作者的态度是比较客观的，答案选C“中立的”；
A选项“积极的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；
B选项“消极的”见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念；
D选项“赞成的”，见正确选项，不符合题意，属于偷换概念。
4.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三四句话，Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety“除主要由吸烟引起的肺癌外，其他癌症的发病率趋于平稳，某些癌症的发病率正在下降。但是对癌症的恐惧正在蔓延，这个国家面临着焦虑的风险”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可以知道其实癌症已经没有那么可怕了但是人们对患癌症的恐惧却越来越强烈，由此推断C选项“患癌症的风险没有大多数人想象的那么大”正确；
A选项“癌症风险正在上升”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；
B选项“整个地球就像一个巨大的致癌物质”定位到第五句话The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen“地球本身看起来就像一种巨大的致癌物”，这里从句意上看B选项是这句话的同义替代，但是resemble一般指外表、形状上的相似，seem like指的是内在的相似之处，所以B选项不选，这里属于曲意理解；
D选项“癌症迟早会被治愈的”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。
5.主旨大意题，分析文章行文结构，文章从人们对癌症的恐惧谈起，说到人们对癌症越来越恐惧，但作者觉得这是没有必要的，因为癌症的发病率趋于平缓。然后人们觉得地球本身就是致癌物，不同地区的人患不同癌症的风险也是不一样的，但是作者觉得支持这个论点的数据本身就存在着争论，然后作者指出其实不是地球环境而是人们生活方式本身存在问题，而且它只计算了某个特殊的癌症，如果把所有癌症计算在内其实全球地区的患癌率是差不多的，所以文章的具体内容是讲清楚癌症和环境这件的关系，答案选A选项“癌症和环境”；
B选项“癌症造成的恐慌”，这只是文章的引入点，引入人们对癌症的恐惧之后文章并没有继续探讨恐惧带来了什么作用或者恐惧的原因，这里属于以偏概全；
C选项“癌症的数据”，文章指出的数据是不同地区癌症的发病率，这些数据提出来只是为了佐证文中人们的观点，不是文章的主要想表达的意思，这里属于推理过度所以不选；
D选项“癌症和其调查”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。
