The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell by 20 per cent.
Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They don’t use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.
A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano are a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modem society.
They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.
Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase one’s wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.
Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grew plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.
19. Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who ____.
20. The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the world’s ____.
21. Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?
22. The underlined word “monogamous” in the fifth paragraph probably means ____.
23. ____ caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.
24. We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because ______.
问题1选项
A.sheltered in thick rainforest
B.would not leave their jungle homeland
C.lived a self-contained existence
D.would stand in their way
问题2选项
A.most primitive people
B.most backward people
C.most advanced people
D.oldest people
问题3选项
A.In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.
B.In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction.
C.In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction.
D.In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.
问题4选项
A.having one wife
B.having two or more wives
C.having one child
D.having two or more children
问题5选项
A.The shortage of women resulting from polygamy
B.The difference in wealth resulting from polygamy
C.The shortage of women resulting from monogamy
D.The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy
问题6选项
A.it is a culturally most intact people
B.it is a primitive people deep in jungle
C.it is a native people of the Amazon basin
D.it is primitive people in danger of disappearing
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:A
第6题:D
19. 【选项释义】
Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who ____. 矿工们涌进森林射杀了那些____的Yanomano(亚诺玛诺人)。
A. sheltered in thick rainforest A. 躲在茂密的热带雨林中
B. would not leave their jungle homeland B. 不会离开他们的丛林家园
C. lived a self-contained existence C. 过着自给自足的生活
D. would stand in their way D. 会阻碍他们
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano可定位到原文第1段第3句,该句讲到“矿工们涌入森林(Miners flocked into the forests),砍伐树木,带来疾病,射杀那些不愿让开的亚诺玛诺人(shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way)。”由此可知,D选项would stand in their way“会阻碍他们”表述正确,stand in their way与not get out of the way属于同义替换。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“躲在茂密的热带雨林中”、C选项“过着自给自足的生活”,均可定位到原文第1段第2句,该句讲到“在茂密的热带雨林的庇护下(Sheltered by thick rainforest),亚诺玛诺人过着自给自足的生活(lived a self-contained existence),直到在他们的丛林家园发现了黄金。”由此可知,这两个选项是在介绍亚诺玛诺人之前的生活,而不是介绍他们被射杀的原因;
B选项“不会离开他们的丛林家园”,原文并未提及,属于无中生有。
20. 【选项释义】
The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the world’s ____. 这个名为Hands Around The World的组织认为,从文化上讲,亚诺玛诺人是世界上____。
A. most primitive people A. 最原始的民族
B. most backward people B. 最落后的民族
C. most advanced people C. 最先进的民族
D. oldest people D. 最老的民族
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Hands Around the World和culturally定位到原文第2段第1句,该句讲到“美国本土文化协会Hands Around the World表示,亚诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化保存最完整的人(the most culturally intact people)。”本段后面的部分都在具体的介绍亚诺玛诺人的文化,他们“穿腰布,用火棒,用红浆果染料装饰身体”,不会制造金属,火葬,骨灰被制成饮料供哀悼者引用,以纪念死者。综上所述,原文指该协会认为亚诺玛诺人的原始文化保存得最完整,本题四个选项中,只有A选项“最原始的民族”最符合原文表述。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D三个选项均不符合原文。
21. 【选项释义】
Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report? 根据美国文化协会的报告,下列哪项是不正确的?
A. In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction. A. 在南美洲,这些文化濒临灭绝。
B. In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction. B. 在南美洲,这种传统正濒临灭绝。
C. In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction. C. 在南美洲,亚诺玛诺人可以从灭绝中幸存下来。
D. In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction. D. 在南美洲,一些部落正处于灭绝的边缘。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词an American cultural association report以及选项关键词In South America和the verge of extinction,可定位到原文第3段第2句,该句说到“亚诺玛诺是一个著名的部落,由于西方疾病的破坏,他们的成员正在迅速流失(rapidly losing its members)”,由此可知C选项“在南美洲,亚诺玛诺人可以从灭绝中幸存下来”表述不正常,符合题意。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项,可定位到原文第3段第1句,该句说到“一份美国文化协会Hands Around the World的报告称,在南美洲,不仅文化和传统(cultures and traditions)面临消失的危险(in danger of disappearing),而且一些部落(some tribes)也面临灭绝的危险(in danger of extinction)。”由此可知,原文提到南美洲的文化、传统以及一些原始部落都濒临灭绝,A、B、D选项均表述正确。本题要求选择的是表述不正确的一项,这三个选项属于反向干扰。
22. 【选项释义】
The underlined word “monogamous” in the fifth paragraph probably means ____. 第五段中下划线的单词“monogamous”的意思可能是____。
A. having one wife A. 有一个妻子
B. having two or more wives B. 有两个或两个以上的妻子
C. having one child C. 有一个孩子
D. having two or more children D. 有两个或两个以上的孩子
【考查点】词汇推测题。
【解题思路】句中前后信息衔接:根据题干关键词the fifth paragraph定位到原文第5段,该段第1句提到“虽然(Though)许多亚诺玛诺男人____,但亚诺玛诺男人有两个或两个以上的妻子(two or more wives)并不罕见(not unusual)。”根据Though推断,前后分句之间存在让步关系,而后一个分句说亚诺玛诺男人有两个或两个以上的妻子不罕见,那么前一个分句应该说的是没有两个或两个以上的妻子。由此可知,monogamous的意思应该是A选项“有一个妻子”。另外,monogamous中mono的意思是“单一的”。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“有两个或两个以上的妻子”,与原文意思相悖,属于反向干扰;
C选项“有一个孩子”,原文指的是妻子,不是孩子,属于无中生有;
D选项“有两个或两个以上的孩子”,原文指的是妻子,不是孩子,属于无中生有。
23. 【选项释义】
____ caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars. ____导致了亚诺玛诺部落间的战争。
A. The shortage of women resulting from polygamy A. 一夫多妻导致的妇女短缺
B. The difference in wealth resulting from polygamy B. 由一夫多妻造成的财富差异
C. The shortage of women resulting from monogamy C. 一夫一妻导致的妇女短缺
D. The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy D. 由一夫一妻造成的财富差异
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词inter-tribal wars定位到倒数第2段最后一句。该句提到“这些婚姻(These marriages)导致了可供其他男性结婚的女性短缺(a shortage of women),这导致了部落间的战争(which has led to inter-tribal wars)。”由此可知,导致部落间战争的是女性短缺,而女性短缺是由这些婚姻(These marriages)造成的。因此,我们需要知道“这些婚姻(These marriages)”到底是指什么。倒数第2段前两句说到“虽然许多雅诺玛诺男人只有一个妻子,但他们有两个或两个以上的妻子并不罕见。”“威斯康辛大学的人类学家说,一夫多妻制(polygamy)是一种增加财富的方式,因为大家庭有助于狩猎和耕种土地。”由此推断,不在少数的男性为了增加财富,娶了两个或两个以上的妻子(即一夫多妻),导致了可供其他男性结婚的女性短缺,从而引发了部落间的战争。因此,A选项“一夫多妻导致的妇女短缺”表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“由一夫多妻造成的财富差异”,主要原因是妇女短缺,而不是财富差异,该选项属于曲解原文;
C选项“一夫一妻导致的妇女短缺”,造成妇女短缺的不是一夫一妻,而是一夫多妻,该选项属于曲解原文;
D选项“由一夫一妻造成的财富差异”,造成战争的不是“财富差异”,造成财富差异的也不是“一夫一妻”,该选项属于曲解原文。
24. 【选项释义】
We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because ______. 我们可以从文章中推断,我们必须保护亚诺玛诺人,因为____。
A. it is a culturally most intact people A. 它是一个文化上最完整的民族
B. it is a primitive people deep in jungle B. 这是一个生活在丛林深处的原始人
C. it is a native people of the Amazon basin C. 它是亚马孙盆地的土著民族
D. it is primitive people in danger of disappearing D. 它是濒临灭绝的原始人
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】本题问的是“为什么保护亚诺玛诺人势在必行”,imperative的意思是“紧迫的;至关重要的”。虽然四个选项的表述都符合原文,但是只有D选项提到了“濒临灭绝(in danger of disappearing)”,这才是他们需要保护,且急需保护的原因,符合题意。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C三个选项也是对亚诺玛诺人的正确表述,但这3点并不能解释“为什么保护亚诺玛诺人势在必行”。