Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe—a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.
However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes—an innovation that, made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood ware—craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys (捕兽的圈套). Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts(半身像) of prominent citizens.
36. This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American（ ）.
37. The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were（ ）.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard’s invention, lathes（ ）.
39. Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?
40. According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?
问题1选项
A.arts and crafts
B.political leaders
C.logging industries
D.fashion design
问题2选项
A.not very sophisticated
B.known for doing very quick work
C.dependent on imported materials
D.frequented only by fashionable people
问题3选项
A.were not made of wood
B.could not produce square objects
C.were found only in cabin making shops
D.could be used to make most tools and utensils
问题4选项
A.A bust
B.A decoy
C.A figurehead
D.A chisel
问题5选项
A.They moved out of Massachusetts.
B.They found wood making specialized items.
C.They made demands on government leaders.
D.They took jobs on ships as sailors.
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American ____. 本文很可能来自于一部关于美国早期____的长篇作品。
A. arts and crafts A. 艺术和手工艺
B. political leaders B. 政治领袖
C. logging industries C. 伐木业
D. fashion design D. 时装设计
【考查点】主旨大意题
【解题思路】文章第一段开门见山，引出了写作对象——木雕（Woodcarving），指出“木雕始于生活必需品，后来发展成为一门艺术。”接着，第二段作者主要介绍了木雕的发展过程：如何从最初的生活必需品发展为一种可以让人欣赏的艺术形式，由此可知，本文很可能来自于一部关于美国早期艺术和手工艺的长篇作品，A选项符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项文章均未提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were ____. 这篇文章表明，早期制造工具的商店____。
A. not very sophisticated A. 不是很复杂
B. known for doing very quick work B. 以快速完成工作著称
C. dependent on imported materials C. 依赖进口材料
D. frequented only by fashionable people D. 只有时尚人士才会光顾
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】文章第一段提到“由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木头制作工具和器具。起初，这些物品是用刀切割的，但当先驱工匠们建立起他们原始的商店（set up their primitive shops）时，大多数物品都是在车床上制成的——车床是一种机器，它可以握住物体，并在工具成形时旋转物体。”这里的“primitive”意味着初级的、不复杂的，结合第二段“Thomas Blanchard设计了一种可以转动不规则形状的车床”可推断，早期制造工具的商店不是很复杂，A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项文章均未提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard’s invention, lathes ____. 从文中可以推断，在Thomas Blanchard的发明之前，车床____。
A. were not made of wood A. 不是用木材制造的
B. could not produce square objects B. 不能制造方形物体
C. were found only in cabin making shops C. 只出现在木屋制造车间
D. could be used to make most tools and utensils D. 可以用来制造大多数工具和器皿
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】第二段第一句讲“然而，即使在马萨诸塞州出生的Thomas Blanchard设计了一种可以转动不规则形状的车床之后——这一创新使枪托、鞋楦、长方形和方形木器的大规模生产成为可能（made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood ware）——仍然需要熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠。”根据“made possible mass production”可知，Thomas Blanchard的发明使成批生产（mass production）包括椭圆形和正方形的木器在内的器具成为可能。也就是说，改进后的车床的作用只是使大规模批量生产成为可能，而并未增加产品的种类，由此可推断，以前的车床是能够生产出大多数工具和器皿的，故D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“不是用木材制造的”关于车床是否由木头制造的问题文章没有提供信息，属于无中生有；
B选项根据以上分析可知，Thomas Blanchard的发明使成批生产（mass production）包括椭圆形和正方形的木器在内的器具成为可能。换言之，以前的车床并非完全不能生产这些器具，而只是不能成批生产罢了，属于曲解原文；
C选项“只出现在木屋制造车间”虽然文章提到工匠在木匠铺找到了工作，但并未明确指出车床只存在于木匠铺中，属于过度推断。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen? 下列哪一项是早期美国工匠使用的重要木工工具？
A. A bust. A. 半身像。
B. A decoy. B. 诱饵。
C. A figurehead. C. 人物头像。
D. A chisel. D. 凿子。
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据“craftsmen”和选项关键词“chisel”定位到第二段“craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand（能熟练使用刀和凿的工匠仍然很抢手）”。由此可知，D选项符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位到最后一句“一些人甚至接受委托，为杰出公民制作半身像（busts of prominent citizens）。”与本题无关，属于出处错位；
B选项定位到第二段倒数第三句“一些人在橱柜制造商和椅子制造商的商店里找到了现成的工作，而另一些人则雕刻诱饵（decoys）。”也与本题无关，属于出处错位；
C选项定位到第二段倒数第二句“还有一些人专门从事制作商店招牌、轮船头像（ship figureheads）或装饰室内木制品。”也与本题无关，属于出处错位。
第5题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do? 根据文章，当木制品开始大量生产时，许多个体木工做什么？
A. They moved out of Massachusetts. A. 他们搬出了马萨诸塞州。
B. They found wood making specialized items. B. 他们找到木头制作专门的物品。
C. They made demands on government leaders. C. 他们向政府领导人提出要求。
D. They took jobs on ships as sailors. D. 他们在船上做水手。
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】第二段提到“一些人（Some）在橱柜和椅子制造商的店里找到了工作（employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers），另一些人（while others）则雕刻捕兽的圈套（carved decoys）。还有一些人（Still others）专门制作商店招牌、船头或装饰室内木制品（creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork）。少数人（A few）甚至接受委托为知名人士制作半身像（make busts of prominent citizens）。”由此可推断，他们找到木头制作专门的物品，B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项文章均为提及，属于无中生有。
