Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe—a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.
However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes—an innovation that, made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood ware—craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys (捕兽的圈套). Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts(半身像) of prominent citizens.
36. This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American（ ）.
37. The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were（ ）.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard’s invention, lathes（ ）.
39. Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?
40. According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?
问题1选项
A.arts and crafts
B.political leaders
C.logging industries
D.fashion design
问题2选项
A.not very sophisticated
B.known for doing very quick work
C.dependent on imported materials
D.frequented only by fashionable people
问题3选项
A.were not made of wood
B.could not produce square objects
C.were found only in cabin making shops
D.could be used to make most tools and utensils
问题4选项
A.A bust
B.A decoy
C.A figurehead
D.A chisel
问题5选项
A.They moved out of Massachusetts.
B.They found wood making specialized items.
C.They made demands on government leaders.
D.They took jobs on ships as sailors.
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:B
36. 推理判断题。A选项arts and crafts“艺术与手工艺”；B选项political leaders“政治领袖”；C选项logging industries“木材业”；D选项fashion design“时装设计”。定位在第一段第一句Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art.（在美国，木雕开始是作为必需品，然后发展成为一门艺术。）本文主要围绕本句展开讨论，故选A。
37. 推理判断题。关键词定位在第一段末尾句At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe—a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.（起初，这些物品是用刀来切割的，但先驱工匠们建立他们原始的店铺时，大多数物品都是在车床上加工的。车床是一种机器，它可以固定物体，并能在物体旋转的同时进行加工。）而第二段中craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand.（能熟练运用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）由此可知，制作工具的早期商店还是不够精细的。A选项“不是很有经验的；不是很精致”，B选项“以工作速度快而闻名”，C选项“依赖进口材料”，D选项“只有懂时尚的人才会光顾”，BCD选项原文中并未提及，故选A。
38. 推理判断题。定位在第二段的第一句However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe could turn irregular shapes…（然而，即使是出生在马萨诸塞州的托马斯•布兰查德设计的一台车床也只能加工不规则形状的物体。）由此可以推理出在他发明的车床之前都是不能加工出有规则形状的物体。由此可知B选项“不能制造正方形的物体”正确。A选项“不是用木头做的”，文章并未介绍车床制作的材料。C选项“只能在橱柜店看到”属于无中生有。D选项“可以用来制造大多数工具和器皿”根据原文Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood.（由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木头制造工具和器皿。）可以知道早期的车床只能做出木质的工具和器皿。可知D选项错误。故选B。
39. 客观细节题。定位在第二段第一句的末尾处craftsman who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand.（能够熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）可知D选项“凿子”为正确答案。A选项“半身像”，B选项“捕兽的圈套”，C选项“装饰船头的人像”，A，B，C选项皆为成品，并不是工具类的物品，不属于工具，故选D。
40. 推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后三句Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys. Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts of prominent citizens.（一些准备在橱柜和椅子制造商中就业，而其他人雕刻捕兽的圈套。甚至，其他人专门做店铺招牌、装饰船头的人像或者装饰室内木制品。一部分木雕师甚至接受任务给名人做上半身塑像。”）因此可知，个体木工们找到并细分了自己这块工作的方向。由此可知，B选项“他们找到了木工制作的专门事项”正确。A选项“他们搬出了马萨诸塞州”，C选项“他们向政府领导人提出要求”，D选项“他们在船上当水手”ACD选项在原文中并未提及，故选B。
