Universal Gestures
Gestures for victory, defeat and stress are almost the same in all countries.
On the front page of a newspaper we often see the picture of people holding their head in shock. People put their hands on their head or over their mouth when they look on a scene with shock or horror.
Chris Ulrich is an expert on body language. He said that covering your mouth or putting your hands on your head helps make you feel safer from a perceived threat. By covering part of your face you can feel hidden from the shocking event. Additionally these reactions can help a person comfort himself through touch. Ulrich said it is a self comforting gesture to help people in the moment.
In times of strong anxiety, people will twist their hands to calm themselves. Ulrich said it is a reaction people often have when they are in front of an audience or nervous. "It's a comfort for them that they'll get through it," said Ulrich. He relates that gesture to a parent trying to calm a child.
Most athletes react to victories or defeats with specific behaviors. A 2008 study examined pictures of judo (柔道) competitors during the 2008 Olympic Games. They were from different countries, but they showed similar behaviors when they won a match. The winners would throw their head back or raise their hands in triumph. Ulrich said these victory behaviors are a way winners "explode" out and take up more space.
However, if an athlete suffers a loss, he will act in a way that makes him physically smaller, such as hanging his head. "When you lose, you want to disappear," said Ulrich. The study also found that the judo competitors had the same behavior when they lost.
1. People put their hands over their mouth to_____.
2. People tend to twist their hands when they are_____.
3. In Paragraph 4, "that gesture" refers to_____.
4. Judo winners often act in a way that makes them_____.
5. The judo losers would_____.
问题1选项
A.avoid a danger
B.gain self-comfort
C.hide their shock
D.show their anxiety
问题2选项
A.depressed
B.angry
C.shocked
D.nervous
问题3选项
A.shaking one's hands
B.covering one's face
C.twisting one's hands
D.rubbing one's face
问题4选项
A.occupy more space
B.appear physically smaller
C.obtain more respect
D.become more competitive
问题5选项
A.raise their arms
B.lower their heads
C.beat their chests
D.sit on their knees
第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
第1题:
【文章大意】通用手势
在所有国家，胜利、失败和压力的手势几乎都是一样的。
在报纸的头版上，我们经常看到人们抱头震惊的照片。当人们看到令人震惊或者害怕的场景时，他们会把手放在头上或嘴上。
Chris Ulrich 是肢体语言专家。他说，捂住嘴或把手放在头上有助于让你在感知威胁时感到更安全。遮住脸部的一部分，你会感觉自己远离了令人震惊的事件。此外，这些反应可以帮助一个人通过触摸安慰自己。乌尔里希说，这是一个在当下让人们获得自我安慰的手势。
非常焦虑的时候，人们会扭动双手让自己平静下来。乌尔里希说，这是人们在观众面前或紧张时经常会有的反应。乌尔里希说：“这对他们来说是一种安慰：他们会渡过难关。”他将这种姿态与试图让孩子平静的父母联系起来。
大多数运动员以特定的行为对胜利或失败做出反应。2008 年的一项研究检测了 2008 年奥运会期间柔道选手的照片。他们来自不同的国家，但在赢得比赛时表现出相似的行为。获胜者会仰头或举手表示胜利。乌尔里希说，这些胜利行为是胜利者“爆发”并占据更多空间的一种方式。
但是，如果运动员比赛失败，他会采取一种方式让自己看起来更渺小，例如低头。“当你输了，你想消失，”乌尔里希说。研究还发现，柔道选手在输球时也有同样的行为。
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】
人们把手放在嘴上是为了____。
A.避开危险
B.获得自我安慰
C.掩饰震惊
D.展现焦虑
【解题思路】根据第三段第三句"By covering part of your face you can feel hidden from the shocking event."可知，遮住脸部的一部分，你会感觉自己远离了令人震惊的事件。故本题选C。
【干扰项排除】根据第三段第二句"He said that covering your mouth or putting your hands on your head helps make you feel safer from a perceived threat."可知，用手捂住嘴让你在感知威胁时感到更安全，并不会躲避危险，故排除A选项；根据第三段第四句和第五句"Additionally these reactions can help a person comfort himself through touch. Ulrich said it is a self comforting gesture to help people in the moment."可知，用手捂嘴能够安慰人们，但并不是人们的目的，故排除B选项；D选项不符合题意。
第2题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】
人们在什么情况下会拧双手____。
A.沮丧的
B.生气的
C.震惊的
D.紧张的
【解题思路】根据题干中的"twist their hands"可以定位到第四段。根据第一句和第二句"In times of strong anxiety, people will twist their hands to calm themselves. Ulrich said it is a reaction people often have when they are in front of an audience or nervous."可知，非常焦虑的时候，人们会扭动双手让自己平静下来。乌尔里希说，这是人们在观众面前或紧张时经常会有的反应。故本题选D。
【干扰项排除】A、B选项均不正确；C选项与本题无关。
第3题:
【原文考查】推理判断题
【选项释义】
第四段中的“that gestrue”指代的是____。
A.握手
B.遮住脸
C.拧手
D.擦脸
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第四段，根据"In times of strong anxiety, people will twist their hands to calm themselves. Ulrich said it is a reaction people often have when they are in front of an audience or nervous.'It's a comfort for them that they'll get through it,'said Ulrich"可知，本段讨论了人们在紧张时会做出拧手的动作，根据"He relates that gesture to a parent trying to calm a child"可知，that gestrue指代前文的内容。故本题选C。
【干扰项排除】A、D选项在文中均未提及；B选项出现在第三段，不符合题意。
第4题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】
柔道获胜者常常会采取一种方式让他们____。
A.占据更多空间
B.看起来身体更小
C.获得更多尊重
D.更具有竞争力
【解题思路】根据第五段的第四句和第五句"The winners would throw their head back or raise their hands in triumph. Ulrich said these victory behaviors are a way winners "explode" out and take up more space."可知，获胜者会仰头或举手表示胜利。乌尔里希说，这些胜利行为是胜利者“爆发”并占据更多空间的一种方式。take up与occupy同义，意为占据。故本题选A。
【干扰项排除】根据最后一段第一句"However, if an athlete suffers a loss, he will act in a way that makes him physically smaller, such as hanging his head."可知，运动员比赛失败后，他会采取一种方式让自己看起来更渺小，例如低头。本题问的是获胜而不是失败。故排除选项B。选项C和D并未在本文提及，故排除。
第5题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】
柔道失败者会怎么做____。
A.举起手臂
B.低头
C.拍打胸膛
D.正坐
【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句"However, if an athlete suffers a loss, he will act in a way that makes him physically smaller, such as hanging his head."可知，如果运动员比赛失败，他会采取一种方式让自己看起来更渺小，例如低头。B选项"lower their heads"与文中"hanging his head"同义。故本题选B。
【干扰项排除】根据第五段第四句"The winners would throw their head back or raise their hands in triumph."可知，胜利者会举起手。故排除选项A。选项C和D未在文中提及，故排除。
