More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to up end the old workforce model.
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.
Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.
“The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”
One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That’s also up 30.2% since 2010.
Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”
1. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that ________.
2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that ________.
3. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to ________.
4. Many retirees are increasing their savings by ________.
5. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are ________.
问题1选项
A.over half of the retirees are physally fit for work
B.the old workforce is as active as the younger one does
C.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement
D.more Americans are willing to work in retirement
问题2选项
A.retirement may cause problems for them
B.boredom can be relieved after retirement
C.the mental health of retirees is overlooked
D."unretirement " contributes to the economy
问题3选项
A.labor shortages
B.population growth
C.longer life expectancy
D.rising living costs
问题4选项
A.investing more in stocks
B.taking up odd jobs
C.getting well-paid work
D.spending less
问题5选项
A.unprepared
B.Unafraid
C.disappointed
D.enthusiastic
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that ________. 哈里斯民意测验所做的调查显示________。
A. over half of the retirees are physically fit for work A. 一半以上的退休人员身体健康，可以工作
B. the old workforce is as active as the younger one does B. 老年人的劳动力和年轻人一样活跃
C. one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement C. 三分之一的美国人喜欢提前退休
D. more Americans are willing to work in retirement D. 更多的美国人愿意在退休后工作
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Harris Poll可以定位到文章第二段第一句“哈里斯民意调查公司为TD Ameritrade进行的一项调查显示，在40岁以上的美国人中，有三分之一的人已经或计划在退休后找一份工作（have a job in retirement）”，说明调查显示更多的美国人愿意在退休后工作。因此D选项“更多的美国人愿意在退休后工作”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“一半以上的退休人员身体健康，可以工作”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“老年人的劳动力和年轻人一样活跃”，文中只是说更多的美国人愿意在退休后继续工作，并不代表和年轻人一样活跃，属于过度推断；
C选项“三分之一的美国人喜欢提前退休”和文中的表述相反，应该是愿意退休后继续工作，而不是提前退休，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that ________. 从第三段可以推断，美国人倾向于认为________。
A. retirement may cause problems for them A. 退休可能给他们带来麻烦
B. boredom can be relieved after retirement B. 无聊生活在退休后可以得到缓解
C. the mental health of retirees is overlooked C. 退休人员的心理健康被忽视了
D. “unretirement” contributes to the economy D. “不退休”对经济有促进作用
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 3可以定位到文章第三段，本段整体分析了美国人选择在退休后继续工作的原因，第一句说明经济需求不是唯一原因，第二句列举了保持精神健康，避免无聊或沮丧等其他原因，由此可以推断出美国人认为退休会带来这些问题，所以会选择继续工作。因此A选项“退休可能给他们带来麻烦”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“无聊生活在退休后可以得到缓解”和文中的表述相反，应该是认为退休会导致无聊的生活，而不是退休可以缓解无聊生活，属于反向干扰；
C选项“退休人员的心理健康被忽视了”和D选项“‘不退休’对经济有促进作用”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Retirement patterns are changing partly due to ________. 退休模式发生变化的部分原因是________。
A. labor shortage A. 劳动力短缺
B. population growth B. 人口增长
C. longer life expectancy C. 预期寿命延长
D. rising living costs D. 生活成本上升
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Retirement patterns are changing可以定位到文章第五段第一句“退休模式发生变化的一个原因是（change in retirement patterns）：美国人的寿命延长了（living longer）”，说明退休模式发生改变的部分原因在于美国人的寿命越来越长。因此C选项“预期寿命延长”正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“劳动力短缺”，B选项“人口增长”和D选项“生活成本上升”在文中均没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Many retirees are increasing their savings by ________. 许多退休人员通过________增加他们的储蓄。
A. investing more in stocks A. 更多地投资于股票
B. taking up odd jobs B. 从事零星的工作
C. getting well-paid work C. 从事高收入的工作
D. spending less D. 减少开支
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词increasing their savings可以定位到文章第六段第一句“由于人的寿命延长，美国人也在增加储蓄（boosting their savings）以保存自己的储蓄”，再结合第三句“最受欢迎的方式是减少总开支（reducing their overall expenses）、购买人寿保险或最大化退休账户的贡献”可知，减少总开支属于增加储蓄的方法之一。因此D选项“减少开支”正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“更多地投资于股票”，B选项“从事零星的工作”和C选项“从事高收入的工作”在文中均没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are ________. 关于退休，布伦特•韦斯认为很多人________。
A. unprepared A. 没有准备好
B. unafraid B. 无所畏惧
C. disappointed C. 失望
D. enthusiastic D. 热心
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Brent Weiss可以定位到文章第七段第一句“布伦特•韦斯说，不幸的是，许多选择退休后继续工作的人正准备这样做，因为他们担心晚年的收支平衡（worried about making ends meet）”，说明许多人担心晚年入不敷出，所以还没有做好退休的准备。因此A选项“没有准备好”正确。
【干扰项排除】B选项“无所畏惧”，C选项“失望”和D选项“热心”在文中均没有体现，属于无中生有。
【参考译文】
越来越多的美国人选择工作到退休，这一日益增长的趋势有可能终结旧的劳动力模式。
哈里斯民意调查公司为德美利证券进行的一项调查显示，每三个年满40岁的美国人中就有一个已经或计划在退休后工作，为更长的人生做准备。更令人吃惊的是，超过一半的“未退休者”——那些计划在退休后工作或在退休后重新工作的人——表示，即使他们有足够的钱安顿下来，他们也会在晚年就业。
经济需求并不是“不退休”趋势的唯一罪魁祸首。研究显示，其他原因还包括个人成就感，如保持精神健康、防止无聊或避免抑郁。
德美利证券负责退休事务的高级经理克里斯汀•拉塞尔说：“退休的概念正在演变。这不仅仅是财务问题。工作的价值也促使人们在退休后继续工作。”
退休模式发生变化的原因之一是：美国人越来越长寿。据美国人口普查局统计，2018年65岁及以上人口占总人口的16%，比上年增长3.2%。自2010年以来，这一数字也增长了30.2%。
德美利证券对2000名年龄在40岁至79岁之间的成年人进行了调查，结果显示，由于寿命延长，美国人也在增加储蓄，以保住他们的储备金。调查显示，每10个“未退休者”中就有6个在增加储蓄，以迎接更长的寿命。该公司表示，他们最常用的方法包括减少总体开支、购买人寿保险或最大限度地增加退休账户的存款。
总部位于巴尔的摩的财务规划公司Facet Wealth的联合创始人布伦特·韦斯说，不幸的是，许多选择在退休后工作的人之所以准备这样做，是因为他们担心晚年生活入不敷出。他建议，提前退休者应与财务顾问沟通，制定长期的财务目标。
韦斯说：“人生中最具挑战性的时刻是结婚、组建家庭和最终退休。这不仅是一个财务决定，也是一个情感决定。很多人认为他们不能退休。”
【出处】《今日美国》2019.11.13
