Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles, ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melina, the raw material from which high quit polyester boles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade.
ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles ______.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
3. Why aren’t all bottles tow made of polyester?
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they ______.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans ______.
第1题:
【选项释义】
Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles ______. ______,各种各样的塑料被用来制造瓶子。
A. since 1982 A. 自1982年以来
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles B. 自20世纪70年代以来,但只用于制作大瓶子
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them C. 自20世纪60年代以来,但不适用于含气体的液体
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them D. 自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据第四段倒数第二句“自20世纪60年代以来就一直被用于制作瓶子的塑料聚氯乙烯也不适合含气体的饮料”理解可知,自20世纪60年代以来,塑料就被用于制作瓶子,但是不适合含气体的饮料,C项“自20世纪60年代以来,但不适用于含气体的液体”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“自1982年以来”是化工和塑料公司开设新工厂的时间,该项属于张冠李戴;
B项“自20世纪70年代以来,但只用于制作大瓶子”,文中没有提到塑料只能用于制作大瓶子,只是提到塑料对于制作大瓶来说很好,该项属于曲解原文;
D项“自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来”,文中只提到可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料,没有说是第一次尝试,该项属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles? 为什么化工和塑料公司的塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣?
A. The other things they make are not selling well. A. 他们生产的其他东西卖得不好。
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles. B. 玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子。
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it. C. 他们有工厂可以进行改造。
D. The price of oil keeps changing. D. 石油的价格一直在变化。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“所有的塑料制造商都经历了困难时期,因为过去几年他们的传统产品在全球范围内的表现都很糟糕。在1982年到1984年之间,化工和塑料公司的塑料业务损失了1.2亿美元,他们认为最有希望的新市场是包装、瓶子和易拉罐。”可知,塑料制造商过去几年的传统产品的表现很糟糕,甚至是造成损失,所以他们把目光投向了新市场:包装、瓶子和易拉罐;综合理解可以推断,化工和塑料公司的塑料业务之所以对聚酯瓶感兴趣,是因为他们生产的其他塑料用品销量不好,A项“他们生产的其他东西卖得不好”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B项“玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子”,根据第一段“聚酯现在正被用于瓶子制造,化工和塑料公司认为,聚酯现在正开始打破玻璃对瓶子业务的控制,因此他们可以利用这个巨大的市场”可知,化工和塑料公司是想利用这个市场打破玻璃对瓶子业务的垄断,并不是玻璃瓶产量不足,该项属于曲解原文;
C项“他们有工厂可以进行改造”并不是塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣的原因,该项属于曲解原文;
D项“石油的价格一直在变化”文中没有提及,该项属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Why aren’t all bottles tow made of polyester? 为什么不是所有的瓶子都是聚酯纤维做的?
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen. A. 石油和塑料的价格已经上涨。
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks. B. 不适合含气体的饮料。
C. The public like traditional glass bottles. C. 公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。
D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles. D. 店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第六段最后两句“店主和其他商人不太可能反对从玻璃改为聚酯,因为这些瓶子意味着很少的破损,这是昂贵和耗时的。然而,公众却很难被说服。”可知,店主和商人同意把玻璃瓶换成聚酯瓶,但公众却很难被说服,推断可知,公众还是更喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。该题选择C项“公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“石油和塑料的价格已经上涨”,根据第五段“对于小瓶来说,玻璃还是比较便宜的,而且会继续如此,除非石油和塑料变得更便宜”可知,除非石油和塑料变得更便宜,不然的话,玻璃制作小瓶子更便宜,但是这并不意味着石油和塑料的价格已经上涨,该项属于曲解原文;
B项“不适合含气体的饮料”,根据第四段第一句“聚酯瓶诞生于20世纪70年代,当时可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料”可知,聚酯瓶适合含气体的饮料,该项属于反向干扰;
D项“店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子”与原文相反,该项属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they ______. 制造商认为聚酯瓶比玻璃瓶更好,因为他们______。
A. are cheaper A. 更便宜
B. are more suited to small sites B. 更适合小型场地
C. are more exciting to look at C. 看起来更刺激
D. do not break easily D. 不容易破碎
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据第六段前两句“聚酯瓶实际上是牢不可破的(unbreakable)。制造商声称,它们也更轻,在处理时噪音更小,并且可以重复使用。”理解可知,制造商认为聚酯瓶是牢不可破的,也就是说他们不容易破碎,该题选择D项“不容易破碎”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“更便宜”根据第五段“对于小瓶来说,玻璃还是比较便宜的,而且会继续如此……”可知,聚酯瓶不比玻璃瓶便宜,该项属于反向干扰;
B项“更适合小型场地”和C项“看起来更刺激”文中没有提及,这两项属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans ______. 用和罐头一样的方式装食物的塑料容器______。
A. have been used for many years A. 已经使用了很多年
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies B. 是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法
C. are possible, but only for hot food C. 是可能的,但只能装热的食物
D. are the first things being made in the new factories D. 是新工厂生产的第一批产品
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段“下一步可能是开发一种可以代替食品罐头的塑料”,也就是说可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来,但是塑料公司已经有这样的想法,所以推断开发装食物的塑料容器是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法,该题选择B项“是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“已经使用了很多年”和D项“是新工厂生产的第一批产品”,根据原文可知,可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来,所以这两项属于反向干扰;
C项“是可能的,但只能装热的食物”,文章最后一句指出“这里的问题是烹饪容器中的食物所必需的高温”可知,要开发出能够装食物的塑料容器首先要解决的问题是如何让塑料承受食物烹饪中所需要的高温,所以该项属于反向干扰。