The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.
We try to obtain formation about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素), asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept e idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. discloses and truthful statement).
1. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in ______.
2. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because ______.
3. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because ______.
4. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are ______.
5. This passage mainly concerns ______.
问题1选项
A.what he wears
B.how tall he is
C.how happy he is
D.what color he dyes his hair
问题2选项
A.some people are more emotional than others
B.some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
C.some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people’s attitudes
D.some people choose to keep to themselves
问题3选项
A.we don’t accept the idea that we might never fully know another person
B.we often get information in a casual and inexact way
C.we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotions
D.we often have face-to-face conversation with him
问题4选项
A.disclosures
B.deceptions
C.stimuli
D.interactions
问题5选项
A.the perception of other people
B.the relationship between people
C.secrets and deceptions of people
D.people’s attitudes and character
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in ________. 根据文章,如果我们感知一个人,我们可能会对________感兴趣。
A. what he wears A. 他的穿着
B. how tall he is B. 他的身高
C. how happy he is C. 他有多快乐
D. what color he dyes his hair D. 他染什么颜色的头发
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“更多的时候(More often),我们试图进入对方的内心,找出他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格”可知,在感知一个人的时候,我们更多的是进入对方的内心,感知他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格,C项“他有多快乐”属于情感上的感知,故该题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】
A项“他的穿着”、B项“他的身高”和D项“他染什么颜色的头发”都不属于感知对方内心的内容,这三项属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because ________. 有些人经常对别人的所作所为感到惊讶。伯杰认为,这主要是因为________。
A. some people are more emotional than others A. 有些人比其他人更情绪化
B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person B. 有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实
C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people’s attitudes C. 有些人很敏感,能感觉到别人态度的变化
D. some people choose to keep to themselves D. 有些人选择独来独往
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段倒数第二句“这也会让我们不会对看似不一致的行为感到太惊讶或震惊”,其中“这”指的是上一句“如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法,它会使我们更容易处理那些妨碍我们获得准确知识的事情”,理解可知如果我们接受我们永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法,我们对看似不一致的行为不会感到太惊讶,反之我们对别人的所作所为感到惊讶的原因是我们没有认识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人,故该题选择B项“有些人没有意识到我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的事实”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“有些人比其他人更情绪化”、C项“有些人很敏感,能感觉到别人态度的变化”和D项“有些人选择独来独往”都没有提及,这三项属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because ________. 我们可能已经认识一个人十年了,但仍然对他知之甚少,因为________。
A. we don’t accept the idea that we might never fully know another person A. 我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法
B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way B. 我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息
C. we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotions C. 我们更关注他人的动机和情绪
D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him D. 我们经常和他面对面交谈
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已经认识一个人十年了,但仍然对他知之甚少”,前一句指出“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务,这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化,而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确(the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise)”,理解可知,我们可能认识一个人十年,但我们仍然知之甚少,这是因为人们是不断变化的,而我们获取信息的方式是随意不准确的,所以该题选择B项“我们经常以一种随意而不准确的方式获得信息”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“我们不接受我们可能永远无法完全了解另一个人的想法”是我们对看似不一致的行为感到惊讶的原因,而不是认识很久的人知之甚少的原因,该项属于张冠李戴;
C项“我们更关注他人的动机和情绪”和D项“我们经常和他面对面交谈”没有提及,这两项属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are ________. 我们发现有些事情阻碍了我们了解他人。这些东西是________。
A. disclosures A. 公开的事情
B. deceptions B. 欺骗
C. stimuli C. 刺激因素
D. interactions D. 互动
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据原文最后一句“具有讽刺意味的是,对于发展一段令人满意的关系来说,那些使我们无法了解对方的东西(如秘密和欺骗)可能与那些使我们能够准确了解对方的东西(如公开和诚实的陈述)同样重要”理解可知,阻碍我们了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺骗,B项“欺骗”符合题意,故该题选择B项。
【干扰项排除】
A项“公开的事情”是促进我们能够准确了解对方的事物,该项属于反向干扰;
C项“刺激因素”和D项“互动”没有提及,这两项属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
This passage mainly concerns ________. 这篇文章主要是关于________。
A. the perception of other people A. 对他人的感知
B. the relationship between people B. 人与人之间的关系
C. secrets and deceptions of people C. 人们的秘密和欺骗
D. people’s attitudes and character D. 人的态度和性格
【答案】A
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据首段第一句“感知他人的过程(对我们自己或他人来说)很少被翻译成冷冰冰的、客观的术语”,以及最后一段第一句“了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务,这很大程度上是因为人们在不断变化,而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确”可知,文章主要讨论的内容是感知他人;而第二段讲述的是了解他人的一些方式,所以综合理解可以推断,这篇文章主要是关于对他人的感知,该题选择A项“对他人的感知”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B项“人与人之间的关系”没有提及,该项属于无中生有;
C项“人们的秘密和欺骗”和D项“人的态度和性格”分别在第三段和第一段提到,但表述太片面,这两项属于以偏概全。
【文章来源】1995年英语六级真题
【参考译文】
感知他人的过程很少被转化成(对自己或他人)冰冷客观的术语。“她身高5英尺8英寸,一头金发,穿着一条彩色裙子。”更多的时候,我们试着深入对方的内心,找出他或她的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。此外,我们有时表现得好像我们可以很快地完成这项艰巨的工作——也许只需要两秒钟的一瞥。
我们试图通过许多方式了解他人。伯杰提出了几种方法来减少对他人的不确定性;谁是你认识的,这样你就可以将被观察的人的行为与已知的其他人的行为进行比较,在社会行为相对不受约束的情况下观察一个人或者在需要做出各种各样的行为反应的情况下观察一个人,有意地构建物理或社会环境以便观察这个人对特定刺激的反应,询问那些曾经或经常接触这个人的人关于他或她的情况,在面对面的互动中使用各种策略来发现对方的信息——问题、自我披露等等。
了解一个人是一项永无止境的任务,很大程度上是因为人在不断变化,而我们获取信息的方法往往不精确。你可能已经认识一个人十年了,但仍然对他知之甚少。如果我们接受了我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的观点,它使我们能够更容易地处理那些妨碍我们准确了解的事情,如秘密和欺骗。它也会让我们不会对看似不一致的行为感到太惊讶或震惊。具有讽刺意味的是,那些阻止我们太过了解另一个人的事情(例如秘密和欺骗)可能与那些使我们获得对一个人的准确了解的事情(例如公开和真实的陈述)一样,对于发展一段令人满意的关系非常重要。