Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—a financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ______.
2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ______.
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Para. 3)?
4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ______.
5. Social companionship is beneficial in that ______.
问题1选项
A.they are indispensable to people’s social well-being
B.they waken people’s desire to exchange resources
C.they help people to cope with life in the information era
D.they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.
问题2选项
A.relies on the social welfare systems which support them
B.has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C.depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D.is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives
问题3选项
A.Adds up to.
B.Does away with.
C.Lessens the effect of.
D.Lays the foundation for.
问题4选项
A.instrumental support
B.informational support
C.social companionship
D.the strengthening of self-respect
问题5选项
A.it helps strengthen our ties with relatives
B.it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes
C.it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable
D.it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
Interpersonal relationships are important because ________. 人际关系很重要,因为________。
A. they are indispensable to people’s social well-being A. 它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺
B. they waken people’s desire to exchange resources B. 它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望
C. they help people to cope with life in the information era C. 它们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活
D. they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc. D. 它们能治疗一系列的疾病,如心脏病等。
【答案】A
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“由于我们是社会人,我们的生活质量在很大程度上取决于我们的人际关系”可知,人际关系对我们的生活质量很重要,A项“它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺”与之相近,故该题选择A项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B项“它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望”,原文只提到资源交换是社会支持的一部分,文中没有提到人际关系促进交换资源,该项属于曲解原文;
C项“它们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活”没有提到,该项属于无中生有;
D项“它们能治疗一系列的疾病,如心脏病等”,根据第二段最后一句“社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病……”可知,人际关系只是帮助预防疾病,不能治愈疾病,该项属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________. 研究表明人们的身心健康________。
A. relies on the social welfare systems which support them A. 依靠支持他们的社会福利体系
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others B. 和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles C. 取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力
D. is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives D. 与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据关键词research定位至第二段最后一句“对从抑郁症到心脏病等一系列疾病的研究表明,社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病,而缺乏这种支持则更有可能导致健康状况不佳”,理解可知,人们的身心健康和社会支持有很大的关系,B项“和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“依靠支持他们的社会福利体系”没有提到,该项属于无中生有;
C项“取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力”,第二段第一句提到有社会支持的人似乎更能应付日常的烦恼,和人们的身心健康无关,该项属于出处错位;
D项“与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关”,根据第二段第一句“我们这些有强大支持系统的人似乎(appear)更能应付重大的生活变化和日常的烦恼”可知,应对生活中重大变化的能力并不是研究得出的结论,该项属于出处错位。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Para. 3)? 下列哪项在意思上最接近第三段的词“cushions”?
A. Adds up to. A. 总计为。
B. Does away with. B. 消除。
C. Lessens the effect of. C. 减少……的效果。
D. Lays the foundation for. D. 奠定基础。
【答案】C
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“社会支持可以从很多方面cushion压力”,结合下文提到社会支持能加强自尊、提供信息支持、满足社会需求与分散我们的忧虑和烦恼、以及提供物质支持,综合理解可以推断,社会支持可以缓解压力,cushion表示的是“缓解”,C项“减少……的效果”与之相近,故该题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】
A项“总计为”、B项“消除”、D项“奠定基础”词义都不符合,这三项属于曲解原文。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________. 帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是________的一个例子。
A. instrumental support A. 物质支持
B. informational support B. 信息支持
C. social companionship C. 社会交往
D. the strengthening of self-respect D. 自尊加强
【答案】A
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“最后,其他人可能给我们提供物质支持——经济援助、物质资源和所需服务——通过帮助我们解决和处理问题来减轻我们的压力”可知,经济援助、物质资源和提供所需服务都是物质支持,帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是提供所需服务,属于物质支持,故该题选择A项“物质支持”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B项“信息支持”、C项“社会交往”和D项“自尊加强”都属于出处错位。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Social companionship is beneficial in that ________. 社会交往是有益的,因为________。
A. it helps strengthen our ties with relatives A. 它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系
B. it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes B. 它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误
C. it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable C. 它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快
D. it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles D. 它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开
【答案】D
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段倒数第二句和第三句“第三,我们通常会发现社会交往是有帮助的。与他人一起参加休闲活动能帮助我们满足社会需求,同时也能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼。”,理解可知,社会交往能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼,该题选择D项“它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系”是社会支持其中一方面的好处,与题干无关,该项属于出处错位;
B项“它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误”和C项“它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快”没有提到,这两项属于无中生有。
【文章来源】2000年英语四级真题
【参考译文】
由于我们是社会动物,我们的生活质量在很大程度上取决于我们的人际关系。人类条件的一个优势是我们在压力环境下给予和接受彼此支持的倾向。社会支持包括人与人之间基于人际关系的资源交换。
那些拥有强大支持系统的人似乎能够更好地应对生活中的重大变化和日常烦恼。社会关系密切的人比没有社会关系的人更长寿、更健康。对从抑郁症到心脏病等一系列疾病的研究表明,社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病,而缺乏这种支持则更有可能导致健康状况不佳。
社会支持以多种方式缓解压力。首先,朋友、亲戚和同事可能会让我们知道他们重视我们。当我们感觉到别人接受我们的缺点和困难时,我们的自尊心就会增强。第二,其他人经常给我们提供信息支持。它们帮助我们定义和理解我们的问题,并找到解决方案。第三,我们通常认为社交伙伴具有支持性。与他人一起参加休闲活动可以帮助我们满足社会需求,同时分散我们的烦恼和麻烦。最后,其他人可能会给予我们工具性的支持——财政援助、物质资源和必要的服务——通过帮助我们解决和应付我们的问题来减轻压力。