The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.
While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.
The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.
The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.
The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun.
A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war.
In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.
1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was _____.
2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _____.
3. American policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being ______.
4. The Neutrality Act of 1939 ______.
5. We entered the war against Germany ________.
问题1选项
A.the burning of the Reichstag
B.German plans for conquest
C.Nazi barbarism
D.the persecution of religious group
问题2选项
A.help the British
B.strengthen the national defense of the United States
C.promote the Atlantic Charter
D.avenge Pearl Harbor
问题3选项
A.watchful
B.isolationist
C.peaceful
D.indifferent
问题4选项
A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations
B.antagonized Japan
C.permitted the British to trade only with the Allies
D.led to the Lend-Lease Act
问题5选项
A.because Germany declared war
B.because Japan was an ally of Germany
C.after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact
D.after peaceful efforts had failed
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:A
1. 【选项释义】
One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was ____. 有一件事发生在1937年之前,但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是____。
A. the burning of the Reichstag A. 国会大厦的焚毁
B. German plans for conquest B. 德国征服计划
C. Nazi barbarism C. 纳粹暴虐
D. the persecution of religious group D. 宗教团体的迫害
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 1第二句,该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害(the persecution of Jews)”“纳粹的暴虐(barbarism of the Nazis)”以及“德国征服计划(the plans of Germany …for world conquest)”。B、C、D都有提到,只有A没有。因此选A。
【干扰项排除】
A选项国会大厦的焚毁,属于无中生有。
2. 【选项释义】
The Lend-Lease Act was designed to ____. 租借法案的目的是____。
A. help the British A. 帮助英国
B. strengthen the national defense of the United States B. 加强美国的国防
C. promote the Atlantic Charter C. 促进《大西洋宪章》
D. avenge Pearl Harbor D. 珍珠港报仇
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-Lease Act可定位到倒数第二段第二句“《租借法案》(1941年)授权总统向他认为保卫美国(for the defense of the United States)所需的任何国家出售、交换或租借材料”。换言之,就是加强美国的国防。比对选项,B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“帮助英国”,这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助,但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置;
C选项“促进《大西洋宪章》”,文中没有提到,C选项属于无中生有;
D选项“珍珠港报仇”,文中没有提及两者的关系,D选项属于无中生有。
3. 【选项释义】
American policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being ____. 美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为____。
A. watchful A. 注意的;警惕的
B. isolationist B. 孤立主义的
C. peaceful C. 和平的,爱好和平的
D. indifferent D. 冷淡的,不关心的
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词American policy可定位到Para. 3第一句,该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案(The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936)”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支持孤立政策”。比对选项,B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“警惕的”,属于无中生有;
C选项“和平的”,属于无中生有;
D选项“冷淡的”,属于无中生有。
4. 【选项释义】
The Neutrality Act of 1939____. 1939年《中立法案》____。
A. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations A. 允许向交战国家出售武器
B. antagonized Japan B. 对抗日本
C. permitted the British to trade only with the Allies C. 允许英国只与协约国进行贸易
D. led to the Lend-Lease Act D. 导致了《租借法案》的出台
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词The Neutrality Act of 1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句,该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运,允许向交战国家‘现购自运’出口武器”。换言之,允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项,A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“对抗日本”,属于无中生有;
C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”,属于无中生有;
D选项“导致了《租借法案》的出台”,文中没有提及两者关系,D选项属于过度推断。
5. 【选项释义】
We entered the war against Germany ____. 我们参加了对德战争____。
A. because Germany declared war A. 因为德国宣战了
B. because Japan was an ally of Germany B. 因为日本是德国的盟友
C. after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet
C. 在德国签署了纳粹—苏联条约之后
D. after peaceful efforts had failed D. 在和平努力失败之后
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段,该处讲到“紧接着,德国向美国宣战”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立状态,所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项,A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”,属于无中生有;
C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”,文中没有提过,属于无中生有;
D选项“在和平努力失败之后”,文中美国一直处于中立状态,没有进行和平努力,属于无中生有。