A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school. The study, conducted by economists at Columbia University and the University California, Berkeley, suggests that “a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students.”
The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas. They focused on the ninth graders, typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness test in the spring—about 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The study, released by the American Association of Wine Economists, showed that “the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school.” It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds).”
The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes. In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.
Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists’ study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. “It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch,” she said.
A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silver’s, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonald’s spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Washington.
“I think it would be a dangerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where they’re located in a city,” federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. “Doesn’t it make more sense for parents to limit a child’s allowance or let them know when and where they can’t eat certain things?” Davis added that restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for children’s meals. “We see many healthy options available—slices of apple, milk instead of sodas. It’s important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.”
1. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the study mentioned in Paragraph 2?
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
4. Why is it necessary to create a fast-food-free-zone?
5. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be the reason for children’s overweight?
问题1选项
A.It agreed that fast foods should be far away from school.
B.It didn’t mention the people in Columbia.
C.It proved that fast foods may not lead to strokes.
D.It showed that children’s situation was worse than pregnant women’s.
问题2选项
A.McDonald’s shared the same opinion with Ellen Davis.
B.KFC held different opinion from Burger King.
C.Janet Currie preferred a new policy to present policies.
D.Ellen Davis thought limiting children’s money made no sense.
问题3选项
A.People long for healthy meals.
B.Fast food is associated with obesity and strokes.
C.Parents should give less allowance to the kids.
D.The society shouldn’t neglect the side effect of fast food.
问题4选项
A.Fast food is expensive and kids can’t afford it.
B.Fast food makes young people have an unhealthy diet.
C.Fast food distracts students from their studies.
D.Fast food is not clean enough.
问题5选项
A.Eating fewer fruit and vegetables.
B.Being unaware of self-control.
C.School lunch of low quality.
D.Restaurants’ changing menus for children.
第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
1.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“事实证明，快餐可能不会导致中风”，可以定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），可推测居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风，C选项不正确，应选C。A选项“它同意快餐应该远离学校”，因为快餐店会导致学生患肥胖的风险，因此，快餐店应当远离学校，A选项可排除。B选项“上面没提到哥伦比亚的人”，可以定位到文章第二段第一句The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas.（研究人员调查了加州300万名九年级学生，以及密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州100多万名孕妇的肥胖率），文章提到的是加州的学生，密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇，因此B选项可排除。D选项“调查显示，儿童的情况比孕妇更糟”，文章第二段最后两句提到the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school. “It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds)”.（如果快餐店在学校十分之一英里内，那么该学校的肥胖率至少会增加5.2%。研究还发现，生活在离快餐店十分之一英里以内的孕妇“增重超过20公斤（44磅）的可能性增加4.4%），由此可知学校的肥胖率会增加5.2%，孕妇肥胖率会增加4.4%，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。
2.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“艾伦•戴维斯认为限制孩子们的钱没有意义”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesn’t it make more sense for parents to limit a child’s allowance or let them know when and where they can’t eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测限制孩子花钱没有意义，可知D选项正确。A选项“麦当劳也同意艾伦•戴维斯的观点”，文章没有提到麦当劳同意戴维斯的观点，A选项可排除。B选项“肯德基与汉堡王持不同意见”，定位到文章倒数第二段第一、二句A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Sliver’s, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment.（肯德基、必胜客、塔可钟和Long John Sliver’s的母公司的发言人拒绝置评，称她没有看到这项研究。汉堡王没有回复记者寻求置评的电话）肯德基和汉堡王都不予置评，因此可排除B选项。C选项“与现行政策相比，珍妮特•柯里更喜欢新政策”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。
3.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“父母应该少给孩子零用钱”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesn’t it make more sense for parents to limit a child’s allowance or let them know when and where they can’t eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测父母限制孩子花钱没有意义，C选项不正确，应当选C。A选项“人们渴望健康的饮食”，可定位到文章最后一句It’s important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.（值得注意的是，许多连锁餐厅已经尝试让他们的菜单多样化，让他们更健康），连锁餐厅都在努力使菜单多样化，让它们更健康，也就是人们在渴望更健康的饮食，A选项可排除。B选项“快餐与肥胖和中风有关”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school.（学校500英尺以内的快餐店可能会导致学校超重率至少增加5%），以及定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），也就是快餐会增加肥胖和中风的风险，B选项可排除。D选项“社会不应该忽视快餐的副作用”，快餐的副作用已经很明显，因此不应该忽视快餐的副作用，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。
4.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists’ study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity（Janet Currie，葡萄酒经济学家研究的首席研究员说，如果学校附近的快餐导致肥胖，建立一个无快餐区可能是一个好政策）。B选项“快餐使年轻人有不健康的饮食习惯”，文章提到，快餐会使人们增加肥胖和中风的风险，也就是不健康的饮食所带来的危害，因此B选项正确。A选项“快餐很贵，孩子们买不起”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“快餐使学生们分心，不能专心学习”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“快餐不够干净”，文章没有提到快餐是不够干净的，只是会增加肥胖的风险，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。
5.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“餐馆为儿童更换菜单”，文章最后一段倒数第二句提到restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for children’s meals.（餐馆在过去五年中改变了他们的菜单，尤其是儿童餐），因此，当餐馆为儿童更换菜单后，儿童患肥胖的风险会减小，D选项正确。A选项“少吃水果和蔬菜”，可以定位到文章第三段最后一句a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.（在距离快餐店半英里内学习的学生吃的水果和蔬菜更少，喝的苏打水更多，更有可能肥胖），A选项少吃水果蔬菜会导致肥胖，A选项可排除。B选项“没有自我控制的意识”，儿童缺少自控力，B选项可排除。C选项“学校午餐质量低”，文章第四段最后一句improve the quality of school lunch.（提高学校午餐的质量），学校的午餐质量确实较低，这也是导致肥胖的原因之一，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。
