试题出自试卷《四川大学2008年考博英语真题》

World Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiers predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by 51 trillion in the next ten years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom makers. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecommunication business.
The pace varies widely. The U.S. and Britain are well ahead of the pack, while Thailand won’t fully open until 2006. Only 20% of the 5601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of years—largely due to the Telecom Act in the U.S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Unions markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic: the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that governments are realizing that in an information age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil.
Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower prices—by some estimates, international calling rates should drop 80% over several years—and better service. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer set high prices for international calls in many countries. In the US, the world’s most fiercely competitive long distance market, frequent callers since last year have been paying about 12 cents a minute to call Britain, a price not much more than domestic rates.
The new competitive environment on the horizon means more opportunities for companies from the U.S. and U. K. in particular because they have plenty of practice at the rough-and-tumble of free markets. The U.S. lobbied hard for the WTO deal, confident that its firms would be big beneficiaries of more open markets. Britain has been deregulated since 1984 but will see even more competition than before; in December, the government issued 45 new international licenses to join Britain Telecom so that it will become a strong competitor in the international market. However, the once-cosseted industry will get rougher worldwide. Returns on capital will come down. Risks will go up. That is how free markets work. It will look like any business.
1. Which of the following statements can best describe the main theme of the passage?
2. What does “well ahead of the pack” mean in respect of the U.S. and Britain?
3. We can reasonably conclude from the passage that _____.
4. In last paragraph, the word “lobby” probably means “_____”.
5. The tone of this passage can be described as _____.