Charles Weiss, program director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D. C., was the bank’s science adviser in the early 1980s. He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the bank’s president, and partly because the bank is now been to promote knowledge-based development.
Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank possesses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top-ranked researchers headhunted from universities. The quantity and quality of the bank’s research is consistently high.
But this more analytical aspect of the bank’s work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm-known as operations—which has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work operations.
This tension between the research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for a new department for science is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should be part of the lending portfolio of all of the bank’s departments.
Some operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the bank’s research profile or funding research in developing countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer countries which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.
The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy. The richer countries of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive than poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 per cent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this decade.
1. Which of the following is True according to Paragraph 1?
2. We can infer from the passage that _____.
3. One of the challenges for raising the hank’s research profile lies in ______.
4. The word “infrastructure” (Paragraph 5) most probably refers to _____.
5. The best title of the passage may be _____.
问题1选项
A.The World Bank used to attach importance to research in the early 1980s.
B.The bank’s senior executives are in favor of Charles Weiss’s promotion.
C.The bank is now keen to establish a new department for science.
D.James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the bank’s research resources.
问题2选项
A.top-ranked researchers were eager to work in operations
B.the lending wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activity
C.the new strategy has had a successful result in some developed countries
D.science has long been overshadowed because the bank’s research work was not efficient
问题3选项
A.lack of investment in science
B.the reaction from senior executives
C.the lending wing’s negative attitude
D.low credit ratings
问题4选项
A.the basic facilities, services, and installations
B.the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entity
C.an underlying base or foundation
D.something constructed
问题5选项
A.Research Portfolio of the World Bank
B.New Strategy of the World Bank
C.Tension between Two Wings
D.Lending Operations in Developing Countries
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is True according to Paragraph 1? 根据第一段，下列哪项是正确的？
A. The World Bank used to attach importance to research in the early 1980s. A. 世界银行在20世纪80年代初就开始重视研究。
B. The bank’s senior executives are in favor of Charles Weiss’s promotion. B. 银行的高级管理人员赞成提拔魏斯。
C. The bank is now keen to establish a new department for science. C. 世界银行现在热衷于建立一个新的科学部。
D. James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the bank’s research resources. D. 沃尔芬森正在考虑利用银行的研究资源。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第一段第二句“他相信，这一使银行思考科学（get the bank thinking about science）的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功”由此可知，银行是想要建立一个新的科学部门，选项C符合。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“世界银行在20世纪80年代初就开始重视研究”，原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“银行的高级管理人员赞成提拔魏斯”，原文第一段第三句“他表示，这（This）在一定程度上是因为他们得到了高管的支持（the support of senior executives）”，原文中的“this”指的是上文提到的“这一使银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功”，所以支持的并不是提拔魏斯，属于曲解原文；
D选项“沃尔芬森正在考虑利用银行的研究资源”，原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
We can infer from the passage that _____. 我们可以从文章中推断_____。
A. top-ranked researchers were eager to work in operations A. 顶尖的研究人员渴望在操作领域工作
B. the lending wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activity B. 贷款部门不愿将研究视为一项独立活动
C. the new strategy has had a successful result in some developed countries C. 新战略在一些发达国家取得了成功
D. science has long been overshadowed because the bank’s research work was not efficient D. 由于银行的研究工作效率不高，科学一直被掩盖
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第三段“但世行工作中这一更具分析性的方面一直被其放贷部门（lending arm）所掩盖。放贷部门被称为‘业务部门’，通常认为研究（research）是贷款的一种（a function of lending）功能，而不是其本身的活动”由此可知，选项B表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“顶尖的研究人员渴望在操作领域工作”，原文第三段最后一句“1987年，一半的研究人员被派往（were sent）操作岗位（work operations）”由此可知，原文并没有提到“渴望”，表述不对，属于曲解原文；
C选项“新战略在一些发达国家取得了成功”，原文最后一段“发展中国家（developing countries）的反应将是对新战略的一个重要考验……”由此可知，根本没有提到“发达国家”，属于无中生有；
D选项“由于银行的研究工作效率不高，科学一直被掩盖”，不符合原文第三段提到的“但世行工作中这一更具分析性的方面一直被其放贷部门所掩盖（overshadowed）。放贷部门被称为‘业务部门’，通常认为研究是贷款的一种功能，而不是其本身的活动”由此可知，并不是因为工作效率不高而被掩盖，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
One of the challenges for raising the bank’s research profile lies in _____. 提高世行研究水平的挑战之一在于_____。
A. lack of investment in science A. 缺乏对科学的投资
B. the reaction from senior executives B. 高管们的反应
C. the lending wing’s negative attitude C. 贷款方的消极态度
D. low credit ratings D. 低信用评级
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第五段“一些业务人员还没有被说服提高世行的研究地位（raising the bank’s research profile）或资助发展中国家的研究的好处。他们认为，应该更多地关注较贫穷国家的传统基础设施需求，这些国家由于信用评级较低（low credit ratings），将很难获得私人资本”由此可知，选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项不属于提高世行研究水平的挑战，属于曲解原文。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The word “infrastructure” (Paragraph 5) most probably refers to _____. infrastructure一词（第5段）最可能指的是_____。
A. the basic facilities, services, and installations A. 基本的设施、服务和安装
B. the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entity B. 一个复杂实体中各部分的相互关系或排列
C. an underlying base or foundation C. 底层的地基或基础
D. something constructed D. 建造的一些东西
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第五段“一些业务人员还没有被说服提高世行的研究地位或资助发展中国家的研究的好处。他们认为，应该更多地关注较贫穷国家的传统……需求，这些国家由于信用评级较低（low credit ratings），将很难获得私人资本”，结合语境，这里应该是指贫穷国家的“基本的设施、服务和安装”，选项A符合。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项不符合词义，属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The best title of the passage may be _____. 这篇文章的最佳标题可能是_____。
A. Research Portfolio of the World Bank A. 世界银行研究组合
B. A New Strategy of the World Bank B. 世界银行的新战略
C. Tension between Two Wings C. 两翼之间的紧张局势
D. Lending Operations in Developing Countries D. 发展中国家的贷款业务
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章主要讲的是世界银行的新战略以及战略目前面临的困境。选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“世界银行研究组合”，属于原文的部分内容，属于以偏概全；
C选项“两翼之间的紧张局势”，不属于原文的内容，属于无中生有；
D选项“发展中国家的贷款业务”，属于原文的部分内容，属于以偏概全。
