Advances in campaign against the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq are forcing the extremists to abandon territory there, generating concerns that they are carving out a new stronghold in oil-rich Libya, Secretary of State John F. Kerry said Tuesday.
“As everybody here knows, that country has resources,” Kerry said at a conference of 23 foreign ministers from nations that form the core of a coalition fighting the Islamic State. “The last thing in the world you'd want is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue. ”
In a joint statement, both Kerry and Italian foreign minister Paolo Gentiloni expressed concern over the “growing influence” of Islamic State in Libya. They vowed to “continue to National Accord in its efforts to establish peace and security for the Libyan people.”
Kerry ruled out military intervention in Libya by the United States in near future. But he said that could change if there were “some turn of events, like weapons of mass destruction ending up in the hands of the wrong people”.
Libya has been in a state of chaos since 2011 when Moammar Gaddafi was ousted. Two rival governments subsequently emerged, and continuing conflict has foiled efforts to establish a united Libyan government.
Though the emerging threat in Libya commanded much of the diplomats' attention, the situation in Syria remains troublesome. Success in pushing Islamic State fighters out of an estimated 40 percent of territory they controlled in Iraq and 20 percent to 30 percent of the land they held in Syria has created its own set of urgent problems.
Fleeing fighters often booby-trap homes and demolish buildings, which then need to be cleared and rebuilt before residents can return. Kerry urged his fellow foreign ministers to donate more money to a stabilization fund for rebuilding and restoring services in those areas.
Now that U. N. -backed Syria peace talks aimed at ending the war have started in Geneva, Kerry called on Russia to stop bombing opposition fighters and the Syrian government to grant humanitarian access to besieged towns.
With the onset of peace talks, a cease-fire should follow shortly, he said.
“We are at the table, and we expect a cease-fire,” he said. “And we expect adherence to the cease-fire, and we expect full humanitarian access.”
In Geneva, where U. N. envoy Staffan de Mistura on Monday declared the official opening of talks between the Syrian government and opposition, both sides said that as far as they were concerned, negotiations had not yet begun.
In a statement, the opposition delegation said Syrian rebels are facing “a massive acceleration of Russian and regime military aggression... including attacks on hospitals and critical infrastructurev" near the cities of Aleppo and Homs over the past two days.
The Syrian government delegation accused the opposition of acting like “amateurs and not professional politicians”. Syria's United Nations ambassador, Bashar Jaafari, representing Syrian President Basher al-Assad, said his side challenged the participation of two “terrorist” groups in the opposition delegation, according to the state-run Syrian Arab News Agency.
The Obama administration is eager for the peace talks to begin and has pressured the opposition to participate. Opposition representatives have said the agreed-upon rules for the negotiations, in a U. N. resolution, call for an end to bombardments and government sieges of civilian areas, as well as the release of prisoners.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told reporters there that his government considered members of Jaish al-Islam and Ahrar al-Sham to be participating in the opposition delegation in their “personal capacity” rather than as official representatives. Lavrov also said that he considers it the responsibility of the United States, as leader of the coalition against the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq, to prevent conflict among the various participants operating strike aircraft over those countries.
1.Both Kerry and Paolo Gentiloni agreed upon the following EXCEPT （ ） .
2.Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
3.What did Kerry urge his fellow foreign ministers to do?
4.What did the Syrian government delegation accuse the opposition of?
问题1选项
A.continuing to monitor closely the developments in Libya
B.being ready to support the Government of National Accord in establishing peace and security for the Libyan people
C.immediate military intervention in Libya
D.concern over the growing influence of Islamic State in Libya
问题2选项
A.The extremists in Libya are forced to abandon their territory in Syria and Iraq.
B.According to Kerry, the last thing America wants is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue in Libya.
C.A united Libyan government has been successfully established.
D.Longtime dictator Moammar Gaddafi was ousted in 2011.
问题3选项
A.To push Islamic State fighters out of approximate 40 percent of territory they controlled in Iraq.
B.To donate more money to a stabilization fund for rebuilding and restoring services destroyed by fleeing fighters.
C.To drive Islamic State fighters out of the land they held in Syria and adhere to the ceasefire.
D.To stop bombing opposition fighters and grant humanitarian access to besieged towns.
问题4选项
A.Performing like amateurs and not professional politicians.
B.Accelerating attacks on hospitals and critical infrastructure near the cities of Aleppo and Homs.
C.Participating in bombardments and sieges of civilian areas.
D.Preventing conflicts among various participants operating strike aircraft over Syria, Iraq and Libya.
第1题:
【选项释义】
Both Kerry and Paolo Gentiloni agreed upon the following EXCEPT ________. 除了________，克里和保罗·真蒂洛尼都同意以下内容。
A. continuing to monitor closely the developments in Libya A. 继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展
B. being ready to support the Government of National Accord in establishing peace and security for the Libyan people B. 随时准备支持为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的国家团结政府
C. immediate military intervention in Libya C. 立即对利比亚进行军事干预
D. concern over the growing influence of Islamic State in Libya D. 对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第四段“克里排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性。但他表示，如果事态出现某些转折，比如大规模杀伤性武器最终落入错误的人手中，会改变这一立场。”，从中可知，C选项“立即对利比亚进行军事干预”中的Immediate不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展”根据解题思路可知，克里和保罗·真蒂洛尼排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性，但是如果事态变化会改变立场，这说明他们将继续关注利比亚的局势发展，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
B选项“随时准备支持为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的国家团结政府”定位至第三段第二句“他们誓言要继续全国团结，为利比亚人民建立和平与安全”，从中可知，B项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
D选项“对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧”定位至第三段第一句“在一份联合声明中，克里和意大利外长真蒂洛尼都对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力表示担忧”，从中可知，D项符合原文，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage? 根据文章，下列哪个选项是错误的？
A. The extremists in Libya are forced to abandon their territory in Syria and Iraq. A. 利比亚的极端分子被迫放弃了他们在叙利亚和伊拉克的领土。
B. According to Kerry, the last thing America wants is a false caliphate with access to billions of dollars in oil revenue in Libya. B. 根据克里的说法，美国最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国，可以从利比亚获得数十亿美元的石油收入。
C. A united Libyan government has been successfully established. C. 一个统一的利比亚政府已经成功建立。
D. Longtime dictator Moammar Gaddafi was ousted in 2011. D. 长期独裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻。
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第五段的内容“自2011年卡扎菲被推翻以来，利比亚一直处于混乱状态。随后出现了两个对立的政府，持续的冲突阻碍了建立一个统一的利比亚政府的努力。”，从中可知，C项“一个统一的利比亚政府已经成功建立”与原文不符，所以本题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“利比亚的极端分子被迫放弃了他们在叙利亚和伊拉克的领土”根据第一段“……打击叙利亚和伊拉克伊斯兰国的行动取得进展，正迫使极端分子放弃那里的领土……”可知，A项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
B选项“根据克里的说法，美国最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国，可以从利比亚获得数十亿美元的石油收入”根据第二段第二句“在这个世界上，你最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国，却能获得数十亿美元的石油收入”可知，B项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
D选项“长期独裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻”根据解题思路可知，该项符合原文，也属于反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
What did Kerry urge his fellow foreign ministers to do? 克里敦促其他外交部长做什么？
A. To push Islamic State fighters out of approximate 40 percent of territory they controlled in Iraq. A. 将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的大约40%的领土。
B. To donate more money to a stabilization fund for rebuilding and restoring services destroyed by fleeing fighters. B. 向一个稳定基金捐赠更多的钱，用于重建和恢复被逃跑的战士摧毁的服务。
C. To drive Islamic State fighters out of the land they held in Syria and adhere to the ceasefire. C. 将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地，并遵守停火协议。
D. To stop bombing opposition fighters and grant humanitarian access to besieged towns. D. 停止轰炸反对派战士，并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇。
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第七段最后一句“克里敦促各国外长向一个稳定基金捐赠更多资金，用于重建和恢复这些地区的服务”，可知，B选项“向一个稳定基金捐赠更多的钱，用于重建和恢复被逃跑的战士摧毁的服务”与原文相符。故该题选择B项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的大约40%的领土”定位至第六段第二句“成功（success in…）将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的约40%的领土，以及在叙利亚控制的20%至30%的领土……”，可知，A项是已经完成了，该项不符合题干，属于曲解原文；
C选项“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地，并遵守停火协议”中的“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地”同样不符合题干，属于曲解原文；
D选项“停止轰炸反对派战士，并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇”定位至第八段“……克里呼吁俄罗斯（Kerry called on Russia to…）停止轰炸反对派武装人员，并呼吁叙利亚政府允许人道主义救援进入被围困的城镇”，可知，“停止轰炸反对派战士，并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇”是克里呼吁俄罗斯去干的事情，而不是题干中的“其他外交部长”，所以该项属于张冠李戴。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What did the Syrian government delegation accuse the opposition of? 叙利亚政府代表团对反对派有何指责？
A. Performing like amateurs and not professional politicians. A. 表现得像业余人士，而不是职业政客。
B. Accelerating attacks on hospitals and critical infrastructure near the cities of Aleppo and Homs. B. 阿勒颇和霍姆斯市附近医院和关键基础设施的袭击加速。
C. Participating in bombardments and sieges of civilian areas. C. 参与轰炸和围攻平民地区。
D. Preventing conflicts among various participants operating strike aircraft over Syria, Iraq and Libya. D. 防止操作攻击机在叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚之间的冲突。
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第三段第一句“叙利亚政府代表团指责反对派的行为是‘业余的，不是专业的政治家’”，从中可知，A选项“表现得像业余人士，而不是职业政客”符合原文，故A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“阿勒颇和霍姆斯市附近医院和关键基础设施的袭击加速”是叙利亚反对派的一责声明，并不是叙利亚政府的指责内容，该项属于张冠李戴；
C选项“参与轰炸和围攻平民地区”也是反对派在一项联合国决议中达成的谈判规则的要求，该项属于张冠李戴；
D选项“防止在叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚使用攻击机的各方之间发生冲突”是俄罗斯外长的发言，该项也属于张冠李戴。
【文章来源】《华盛顿邮报》（The Washington Post）2016
【参考译文】
美国国务卿约翰•F•克里周二表示，在叙利亚和伊拉克打击伊斯兰国的行动中取得的进展，正迫使极端分子放弃那里的领土，这引起了对他们在石油资源丰富的利比亚建立新据点的担忧。
“这里的每个人都知道，那个国家拥有资源，”克里在一个23国外长参加的会议上说，这些国家构成了打击伊斯兰国联盟的核心。“你最不希望看到的就是一个可以获得数十亿美元石油收入的虚假哈里发国。”
克里和意大利外长真蒂洛尼在一份联合声明中都对伊斯兰国在利比亚“日益增长的影响力”表示关切。他们誓言要“继续致力于为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的全国协议”。
克里排除了美国近期对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性。但他表示，如果“发生一些情况，比如大规模杀伤性武器落入坏人之手”，这种情况可能会改变。
自2011年穆阿迈尔•卡扎菲被推翻以来，利比亚一直处于混乱状态。随后出现了两个对立的政府，持续的冲突使建立一个统一的利比亚政府的努力受挫。
尽管利比亚出现的威胁引起了外交官们的极大关注，但叙利亚的局势仍然令人担忧。伊斯兰国武装分子在伊拉克控制了大约40%的领土，在叙利亚控制了20%到30%的领土，他们成功地将“伊斯兰国”战士赶了出去，这本身就带来了一系列紧迫的问题。
逃难的战士经常在房屋中设置诡雷并拆毁建筑物，然后在居民返回之前，对其进行清理和重建。克里敦促各国外长为一个稳定基金捐出更多的钱，用于重建和恢复这些地区的服务。
联合国支持的旨在结束战争的叙利亚和谈已经在日内瓦开始，克里呼吁俄罗斯停止轰炸反对派武装人员，并呼吁叙利亚政府允许人道主义救援进入被围困的城镇。
他说，随着和平谈判的开始，停火应该很快就会到来。
“我们在谈判桌上，我们期待停火，”他说。我们期待各方遵守停火协议，期待全面的人道主义援助。”
周一，联合国特使斯塔凡•德米斯图拉在日内瓦宣布，叙利亚政府和反对派之间的谈判正式开始。双方都表示，就他们所关心的而言，谈判尚未开始。
反对派代表团在一份声明中说，叙利亚反政府武装正面临“俄罗斯和叙利亚政权的大规模加速军事侵略……包括过去两天阿勒颇和霍姆斯市附近的医院和关键基础设施遭到袭击。
叙利亚政府代表团指责反对派表现得像“业余人士，而不是“专业政客”。据官方的叙利亚阿拉伯通讯社报道，代表叙利亚总统巴沙尔•阿萨德的叙利亚驻联合国大使巴沙尔•贾法里表示，叙利亚方面对两个“恐怖”组织参与反对派代表团的行为提出了质疑。
奥巴马政府迫切希望开始和谈，并向反对派施压，要求他们参加和谈。反对派代表表示，联合国决议中商定的谈判规则要求停止轰炸和政府对平民区的围困，并释放囚犯。
俄罗斯外长谢尔盖•拉夫罗夫在莫斯科对记者说，俄罗斯政府认为伊斯兰军和沙姆自由运动的成员是以“个人身份”参加反对派代表团的，而不是以官方代表的身份。拉夫罗夫还表示，他认为，作为打击叙利亚和伊拉克伊斯兰国联盟的领导人，美国有责任防止在这些国家上空使用空袭飞机的各方之间发生冲突。
