Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of 20th century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of eletromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck’s constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world. Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930 he was elected president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, which was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War II . Though deeply opposed to the facist regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in Germany throughout the war. He died in Gottingen on October 4,1947.
1.In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution?
2.The word “revolutionary” which is underlined in the passage, means （ ） .
3.It can be inferred from the passage that Planck’s work led to the development of which of the following?
4.The implication in this passage is that（ ）.
问题1选项
A.Optics.
B.Thermodynamics.
C.Statistical mechanics.
D.Biology.
问题2选项
A.dangerous
B.extremist
C.momentous
D.militarist
问题3选项
A.The rocket.
B.The atomic bomb.
C.The internal combustion engine.
D.The computer.
问题4选项
A.only a German physicist could discover such a theory
B.quantum theory, which led to the development of 20th century physics, is basically a mathematical formula
C.Planck’s constant was not discernible before 1900
D.radiation was hard to study
第1题:
1.【选项释义】
1. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution? 1. 在下列哪个领域马克斯•普朗克没有做出重大贡献？
A. Optics. A. 光学。
B. Thermodynamics. B. 热力学。
C. Statistical mechanics. C. 统计力学。
D. Biology. D. 生物学。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据文章倒数第四句“普朗克一生都在光学、热力学和统计力学、物理化学等领域做出了重大贡献”，从中可知，普朗克在光学、热力学和统计力学、物理化学等都有涉及，只有D项“生物学”没有提到。故该题选择D项。
【干扰项排除】A项“光学”、B项“热力学”和C项“统计力学”都在原文提及，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
2.【选项释义】
2. The word “revolutionary” which is underlined in the passage, means ______. 2. 文中下划线的“revolutionary”一词的意思是______。
A. dangerous A. 危险的
B. extremist B. 极端主义的
C. momentous C. 重要的，重大的
D. militarist D. 军国主义的
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章倒数第五句“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的发现，但他的revolutionary量子理论的全部结果却在数年之后才被承认”，结合第一句提到“普朗克是量子理论的创始人”，所以推测revolutionary是褒义词，而revolutionary的名词形式为revolution（革命），由此推断revolutionary应该指“具有革命意义的”；只有C项“重要的，重大的”意思与之相近。故该题选择C项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A项“危险的”和B项“极端主义的”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；
D项“军国主义的”，量子理论和物理相关，并非军事，该项无中生有。
第3题:
3.【选项释义】
3. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck’s work led to the development of which of the following? 3. 从这篇文章中可以推断出，普朗克的工作导致了以下哪一项的发展？
A. The rocket. A. 火箭。
B. The atomic bomb. B. 原子弹。
C. The internal combustion engine. C. 内燃机。
D. The computer. D. 计算机。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章第二句“他的工作帮助开创了理论物理学的新纪元，并彻底改变了科学界对原子和亚原子过程的理解（atomic and subatomic processes）”，可知普朗克的工作改变了对原子和亚原子过程的理解，这也就是说他促进了原子弹的发展。B项正确。
【干扰项排除】A项“火箭”、C项“内燃机”和D项“计算机”都没有提到，无中生有。
第4题:
4.【选项释义】
4. The implication in this passage is that ______. 4. 这篇文章的意思是______。
A. only a German physicist could discover such a theory A. 只有德国物理学家才能发现这样的理论
B. quantum theory, which led to the development of 20th century physics, is basically a mathematical formula B. 引领20世纪物理学发展的量子理论，基本上是一个数学方程
C. Planck’s constant was not discernible before 1900 C. 普朗克常数在1900年以前是无法识别的
D. radiation was hard to study D. 辐射很难研究
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章的第三和第四句“普朗克提出了一个观点导致量子理论的产生，该理论成为20世纪物理学的基础。1900年12月，普朗克推导出一个方程（an equation），精确地描述了辐射在低频到高频范围内的分布。”，从中可知，普朗克的量子理论是20世纪物理学的基础，而这个量子理论可以用一个方程推导，这也就是说，量子理论基本上是一个方程，B项符合题意。故该题选择B项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A项“只有德国物理学家才能发现这样的理论”中的only表述太绝对，曲解原文；
C项“普朗克常数在1900年以前是无法识别的”，根据文章倒数第五句的描述“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的发现，但他的革命性量子理论的全部结果却在数年之后才被承认”，可知这里是说普朗克的量子理论在1900年宣布以后，过了数年才被承认，并没有提到普朗克常数，该项曲解原文；
D项“辐射很难研究”，根据解题思路可知，辐射可以被精确地描述，所以该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。
