Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat (adipose tissue) beyond what is considered normal for a person’s age, sex, and body type. In today’s society obesity is considered as a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism , or the result of taking medications, such as steroids, that can cause weight gain.
The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as it has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result, the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on joints), gout, bone and joint diseases (including ruptured intervertebral discs), varicose veins, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate.
Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as likely to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, cervix, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate.
Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression.
Scientific evidence has found an association between MBI (body-mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. Some researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300,000 deaths a year.
A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.
1.The main idea of this passage is（ ） .
2.According to the passage, （ ）.
3.According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss?
4.What does the underlined sentence from the fifth paragraph suggest about obesity?
问题1选项
A.obesity can lead to many health problems
B.obesity is considered to be a disease
C.obesity can teach people dieting
D.obesity puts a burden on the heart
问题2选项
A.medications such as steroids are often related to obesity
B.obesity does not affect a person’s chances of getting cancer
C.a diagnosis of obesity is based on a normal weight for one’s age and sex
D.obesity is becoming less of a problem in today’s society
问题3选项
A.Diets cause feelings of deprivation.
B.There are too many diets and each has different requirements.
C.Diets lead to guilt and depression.
D.Diets don’t teach people good eating habits.
问题4选项
A.Losing a lot of weight is not wise for older persons.
B.Stomach stapling and other surgical methods for weight loss are superior to dieting.
C.All obese people need to shed their extra pounds.
D.Obese people should consult their doctors about the pros and cons of losing weight.
第1题:
1.【选项释义】
1. The main idea of this passage is ______. 1. 这篇文章的主旨是______？
A. obesity can lead to many health problems A. 肥胖会导致很多疾病
B. obesity is considered to be a disease B. 肥胖被认为是一种疾病
C. obesity can teach people dieting C. 肥胖教会人节食
D. obesity puts a burden on the heart D. 肥胖给心脏带来负担
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】首先，定位文章首尾段核心句，第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定义为脂肪的堆积，超出了一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平”，以及最后一段第一句“78%的超重或肥胖成年人已经放弃了作为减肥手段的节食”，从中可知文章的主题是关于“肥胖”的；然后看到文章结构，文章首先是引入话题，中间三段阐述了肥胖引起的一系列疾病，最后两段讲述了节食并不能作为减肥手段；综上所述，可知，这篇文章主要目的是为了告诉读者，肥胖会引起很多疾病，所以A项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B项“肥胖被认为是一种疾病”和D项“肥胖给心脏带来负担”都只是段落里面有提到，属于以偏概全；
C项“肥胖教会人节食”，根据第六段第一句“Shape Up America的一项民意调查发现，78%超重或肥胖的成年人已放弃节食作为减肥的一种方式”，这也就是说很多超重的人已经放弃节食作为减肥方式，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
2.【选项释义】
2. According to the passage, ______. 2. 根据文章，______。
A. medications such as steroids are often related to obesity A. 类固醇等药物通常与肥胖有关
B. obesity does not affect a person’s chances of getting cancer B. 肥胖并不影响一个人患癌的几率
C. a diagnosis of obesity is based on a normal weight for one’s age and sex C. 肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重
D. obesity is becoming less of a problem in today’s society D. 在当今社会，肥胖已经不是什么问题了
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据原文第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定义为脂肪的堆积，超出了一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平”，可知，肥胖的诊断的基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平，C项表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
A项“类固醇等药物通常与肥胖有关”，根据第一段最后一句“只有在少数情况下（Only in a small minority of cases），肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用类固醇等药物导致的，这些药物会导致体重增加”，从Only in a small minority of cases（只有在少数情况下）可知，该项表述不准确，属于曲解原文；
B项“肥胖并不影响一个人患癌的几率”表述与原文相反，第三段最后提到肥胖男女性有可能患各种癌症，该项反向干扰；
D项“在当今社会，肥胖已经不是什么问题了”，根据第一段第二句“在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病”可知，该项与原文相反，反向干扰。
第3题:
3.【选项释义】
3. According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss? 3. 根据这篇文章，为什么节食不会导致永久性的体重减轻？
A. Diets cause feelings of deprivation. A. 节食会抑制食欲。
B. There are too many diets and each has different requirements. B. 节食方式太多，每种都有不同的要求。
C. Diets lead to guilt and depression. C. 节食会导致内疚和抑郁。
D. Diets don’t teach people good eating habits. D. 节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段的最后两句“节食不会教人们如何正确的饮食。它们只是暂时限制食物的摄入量（merely restrict food intake temporarily），所以当节食结束时，体重又会增加。”，可知，节食并不是减肥的好办法，因为它只是暂时控制人们的食物摄入量，而且没有给人养成一个良好的饮食习惯。故D项“节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“节食会抑制食欲”，根据解题思路可知，节食只是暂时限制食物的摄入量，不等于抑制食欲，该项偷换概念；
B项“节食方式太多，每种都有不同的要求”原文没有提到，无中生有；
C项“节食会导致内疚和抑郁”，文中第四段提到“超重的男人和女人会因为自己太胖而自责，从而导致内疚和抑郁”，可知是超重会导致内疚和抑郁，并不是节食，该项曲解原文。
第4题:
4.【选项释义】
4. What does the underlined sentence from the fifth paragraph suggest about obesity? 4. 第五段中划线的句子说明了关于肥胖的什么问题？
A. Losing a lot of weight is not wise for older persons. A. 对老年人来说，减重太多是不明智的。
B. Stomach stapling and other surgical methods for weight loss are superior to dieting. B. 胃部缝合和其他手术方法减肥比节食减肥更好。
C. All obese people need to shed their extra pounds. C. 所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重。
D. Obese people should consult their doctors about the pros and cons of losing weight. D. 肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段中的划线句子“一些研究人员发现，将超重和死亡联系起来的数据并不确定，而另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大”，结合划线部分的前一句“体重超标的相对风险会随着年龄的增长而下降”，综合理解可知，年龄越大，体重超标的相对风险就会下降，而减肥比超重的危害更大，所以推断，老年人减肥是不明智的。A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B项“胃部缝合和其他手术方法减肥比节食减肥更好”和D项“肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊”在文章中没有提到，属于无中生有；
C项“所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重”，划线部分说到另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大，所以不是所有肥胖的人都应该减重，该项曲解原文。
