On February 10, the world of psychiatry will be asked, metaphorically, to lie on the couch and answer questions about the state it thinks it is in. For that is the day the American Psychiatric Association (APA) plans to release a draft of the fifth version of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Mental illness carrying such stigma (污名)as it does, and the brain being as little-understood as it is, revising the DSM is always a controversial undertaking. This time, however, some of the questions asked of the process are likely to be particularly probing.
The DSM, the first version of which was published in 1952, lists recognized psychological disorders and the symptoms used to diagnose them. In the United States, what is in it influences whether someone will be diagnosed with an illness at all, how he will be treated if he is so diagnosed, and whether his insurance company will pay for that treatment. Researchers in other countries generally defer to the DSM, too, making the manual’s definitions a lingua franca for the science of medical psychology. And, perhaps most profoundly, the DSM influences how mental illness is understood by society at large.
A new DSM, then, is an important document. The APA has been working on the latest revision since 1999, and will not release the final version until May 2013. But some people are already accusing it of excessive secrecy and being too ambitious about the changes it proposes. Those critics will be picking over the draft next week to see if their fears have been realized.
The original DSM reflected the “psychodynamic” view of mental illness, in which problems were thought to result from an interplay between personality and life history. (Think Freud, Jung and long hours recounting your childhood and dreams. ) The third version, which was published in 1980, took a more medical approach. Mental illnesses were seen as distinct and classifiable, like physical diseases. DSM-III came with checklists of symptoms that allowed straightforward, unambiguous diagnosis. Psychiatry began to seem less like an art form and more like a science.
DSM-III also introduced many more diagnoses than had appeared before. These included attention-deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and social phobia. In fact, the number of specific diagnoses more than doubled between DSM-1 and DSM-III, from 106 to 265. DSM-IV, published in 1994, increased the number to 297, but left the underlying model alone.
1.The first paragraph of the passage above suggests that（ ）.
2.Since its first publication in 1952, the DSM has been influential in that（ ）.
3.All the following statements are true EXCEPT（ ） .
4.Which version of the DSM is given the least discussion in the passage?
问题1选项
A.the world of psychiatry are about to undertake a probing experiment
B.it is no easy task for the general public to agree on mental disorders
C.it is often possible to reach an agreement on the rewriting of the manual
D.the latest version of the manual will be more successful than its precedents
问题2选项
A.it has caused little problem in the actual diagnosis of the illness
B.its stipulation gives exact instructions on the treatment of the illness
C.its principles are adhered to by not only doctors but also patients
D.it is widely recognized as an important part of medical psychology
问题3选项
A.The final draft of the latest version will take four years to complete.
B.The latest version will introduce a number of changes.
C.The third version was much more scientific than the earlier versions.
D.Freud is cited as a scientific account of mental illnesses.
问题4选项
A.The second.
B.The third.
C.The fourth.
D.The fifth
第1题:
1.【选项释义】
1. The first paragraph of the passage above suggests that ______. 1. 文章的第一段指出______。
A. the world of psychiatry are about to undertake a probing experiment A. 精神病学界即将进行一项探索性实验
B. it is no easy task for the general public to agree on mental disorders B. 要让公众对精神障碍达成共识并非易事
C. it is often possible to reach an agreement on the rewriting of the manual C. 在重写手册的问题上达成一致意见是常有可能的
D. the latest version of the manual will be more successful than its precedents D. 该手册的最新版本将比以往的版本更成功
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第一段的最后两句“……修改《精神病诊断和统计手册》一直是一个具有争议性的话题。然而，这一次，对这个过程提出的一些问题可能更具探索性。”，从中可知，《精神病诊断和统计手册》的最新版中提出的一些问题更具探索性，也就是说，这本手册的最新版本将比以前的版本更加成功。因此，选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A项“精神病学界即将进行一项探索性实验”，根据解题思路可知，第一段说的是这本手册的最新版本中提出的一些问题更具探索性，而非进行试验，该项曲解原文；
B项“要让公众对精神障碍达成共识并非易事”和C项“在重写手册的问题上达成一致意见是常有可能的”在文章中没有提到，属于无中生有。
第2题:
2.【选项释义】
2. Since its first publication in 1952, the DSM has been influential in that ______. 2. 自1952年首次出版以来，DSM的影响力在于______。
A. it has caused little problem in the actual diagnosis of the illness A. 这对疾病的实际诊断几乎没有造成什么问题
B. its stipulation gives exact instructions on the treatment of the illness B. 它的规定对治疗这种疾病给出了确切的指导
C. its principles are adhered to by not only doctors but also patients C. 它的原则不仅得到了医生的遵守，也得到了病人的遵守
D. it is widely recognized as an important part of medical psychology D. 它一直被广泛认为是医学心理学的重要组成部分
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“其他国家的研究人员也普遍遵循DSM，使手册的定义成为医学心理学科学的通用语。也许最深刻的是，DSM影响了整个社会对精神疾病的理解。”可知，DSM也在被其他国家研究人员使用，它影响了社会对精神疾病的理解，这也就是说，它被广泛认为是医学心理学中重要的一部分，故该题选择D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A项“这对疾病的实际诊断几乎没有造成什么问题”和C项“它的原则不仅得到了医生的遵守，也得到了病人的遵守”没有提及，属于无中生有；
B项“它的规定对治疗这种疾病给出了确切的指导”，文章第二段提到如果一个人被诊断出某种疾病，手册上的内容会告诉他如何接受治疗，而该项中的exact instructions（确切的指导）表述太绝对，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
3.【选项释义】
3. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______
3. 下列的陈述是正确的，除了______
A. The final draft of the latest version will take four years to complete. A. 最新版本的最终稿将需要四年时间才能完成。
B. The latest version will introduce a number of changes. B. 最新版本将介绍一些改变。
C. The third version was much more scientific than the earlier versions. C. 第三个版本比之前的版本更科学。
D. Freud is cited as a scientific account of mental illnesses. D. 弗洛伊德被引证为精神疾病的科学解释。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“APA自1999年以来一直在编写最新版本，直到2013年5月才会发布最终版本”，可知最新版本的最终版将需要十四年，A项“最新版本的最终稿将需要四年时间才能完成”与原文不符，但符合题意。故该题选择A项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B项“最新版本将介绍一些变化”，定位第三段第三句“但一些人已经在指责它过于保密，对它提出的改变过于雄心勃勃（being too ambitious about the changes it proposes）”可知，一些人指责最新版本提出的改变可能过于雄心勃勃，这也就是说，最新版本将介绍一些改变，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
C项“第三个版本比之前的版本更科学”，定位第四段第二句“第三个版本于1980年出版，采用了更多的医学方法”可知 ，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；
D项“弗洛伊德被引证为精神疾病的科学解释”，定位第四段第一句“最初的DSM反映了精神疾病的‘心理动力学’观点，在这种观点中，问题被认为是性格和生活史之间相互作用的结果（想想弗洛伊德、荣格，以及长时间地讲述你的童年和梦想）”可知，弗洛伊德和荣格都被被引证为精神疾病的科学解释，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。
第4题:
4.【选项释义】
4. Which version of the DSM is given the least discussion in the passage?4. 文章中对DSM的哪个版本讨论得最少？
A. The second. A. 第二版。
B. The third. B. 第三版。
C. The fourth. C. 第四版。
D. The fifth. D. 第五版。
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，第三段描述了DSM最新版，即第五版，第四段和第五段分别描述了DSM的第三版和第四版，只有第二版没有明确提及，所以该题选择A项正确。
【干扰项排除】B项“第三版”、C项“第四版”和D项“第五版”在文中都有讨论，属于反向干扰。
