In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate: using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, what are considered good table manners in some other countries are what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.
The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of Western people. Tables and chairs have replaced the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would be wrong to eat unless they were sitting on a cushion before a low table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side.
In the West there are differences between table manners in various countries, although they are not so marked. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) special knives and forks are used for eating fish. In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same, knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.
Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meats and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals.
Table manners of course have changed with time. The earliest meals were also the simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot on the fire or cut bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.
Fingers were used to cut food throughout the middle ages. Food was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above the salt. The ordinary people sat below the salt. In the reign of Henry VII (1509〜1547), people were still eating with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was always cached at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the 17th century.
1.What conclusion can you draw from the passage?
2.The British people ________.
3.How to use a knife while eating is ________.
4.“Sitting above the salt” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
5.From the passage, we know that table manners ________.
6.According to the passage, we know that the wealthier and well-educated people in the east ________.
7.In paragraph 3, line 1, the word “they” refers to ________.
问题1选项
A.Some slight difference between table manners do not exist the West.
B.Forks were bed in England before the 17th century.
C.Table manners and customs are different from country to country
D.Sitting on a cushion before a table is common in the East.
问题2选项
A.consider belching loudly an impolite table manner
B.appreciate the table manners in many other parts of the world
C.used forks more than thousand years ago
D.take food from the table
问题3选项
A.a standard of good table manners
B.never used in North America
C.different among Western countries
D.not a problem in Britain
问题4选项
A.sitting on a salt cellar
B.sitting above the salt cellar with legs apart
C.being the most distinguished guest
D.salt used to be seats in Britain
问题5选项
A.change very little through the ages
B.change with time
C.are actually the same among the countries
D.are extremely important
问题6选项
A.pay more attention to table manners
B.strictly stick to their traditional table manners
C.adopt Western table manners
D.have their own table manners
问题7选项
A.differences
B.table manners
C.various countries
D.Western people
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:B
第6题:C
第7题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
What conclusion can you draw from the passage? 你能从文章中得出什么结论？
A. Some slight difference between table manners do not exist the West. A. 在西方，餐桌礼仪之间没有细微的差别。
B. Forks were bed in England before the 17th century. B. 在17世纪以前，叉子是在英国固定使用的餐具。
C. Table manners and customs are different from country to country. C. 各国的餐桌礼仪和风俗都不同。
D. Sitting on a cushion before a table is common in the East. D. 在东方，坐在桌子前的垫子上是很常见的。
【考查点】主旨大意题
【解题思路】1. 关注文章话题导入处：首句开门见山，直接导入话题，提到“In Great Britain today good manners at table include”可知文章的主题是餐桌礼仪和风俗习惯。
2. 关注首尾两段核心句：
首段核心句：In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain，可知在世界其他地方，人们也有和英国不同的餐桌礼仪和风俗习惯。
尾段核心句：文章倒数第二段首句也提到“table manners of course have changed with time”，即“餐桌礼仪当然随着时代而改变”，说明餐桌礼仪是不断变化，不断发展的。
3. 分析文章的行文结构：总分式；讲述各国之间不同的餐桌礼仪和风俗习惯。
4. 对比核心句，提炼关键词：table manners。
因此本文的主旨是说各国的餐桌礼仪和风俗都不同，C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“在西方，餐桌礼仪之间没有细微的差别”，原文第三段首句提到“在西方，不同国家的餐桌礼仪存在着差异，尽管它们不是很明显”，因此可以看出西方各国的餐饮礼仪还是存在着细微差距的，该选项属于反向干扰；
B选项“在17世纪以前，叉子是在英国固定使用的餐具”，原文最后一段最后一句提到，直到17世纪，叉子才在英国使用。因此选项与原文所述刚好相反，属于反向干扰；
D选项“在东方，坐在桌子前的垫子上是很常见的”，原文第二段第二句提到桌椅取代了过去的垫子，即现在的人们很少再坐在垫子上。因此选项与原文所述刚好相反，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The British people _____. 英国人_____。
A. consider belching loudly an impolite table manner A. 认为大声打嗝是不礼貌的餐桌礼仪
B. appreciate the table manners in many other parts of the world B. 欣赏世界上许多其他地方的餐桌礼仪
C. used forks more than thousand years ago C. 在一千多年前使用过叉子
D. take food from the table D. 从桌子上拿食物
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据原文第一段最后两句可知，在其他一些国家被认为是好的餐桌礼仪却是英国人竭力避免的。随后列举了阿拉伯人的例子，在阿拉伯人们在宴会上用手指拿起食物，并大声打嗝以示感谢。由此可推断，英国人认为大声打嗝是一种不礼貌的餐桌礼仪，A选项符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“欣赏世界上许多其他地方的餐桌礼仪”，从原文第一段最后一句可以看出，其他一些国家被认为是好的餐桌礼仪却是英国人竭力避免的，由此推断出英国人并不欣赏世界上许多其他地方的餐桌礼仪，该选项属于反向干扰；同时通过列举阿拉伯人的例子可以推断出英国人不会直接从桌子上拿食物，同理可判断D选项“从桌子上拿食物”也属于反向干扰；
C选项“在一千多年前使用过叉子”，原文最后一段最后一句提到，直到17世纪，叉子才在英国使用。十七世纪距今不过四百年，因此C选项不符合文意，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
How to use a knife while eating is _____. 吃饭时如何用刀____。
A. a standard of good table manners A. 良好餐桌礼仪的标准
B. never used in North America B. 在北美从未发生
C. different among Western countries C. 在西方国家各有不同
D. not a problem in Britain D. 在英国不是问题
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据关键词精确定位到原文第三段，根据该段内容可知，不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪。接下来作者分别列举了北美，英国以及欧洲其他国家使用刀叉的不同习俗，所以我们可以看出，用刀习惯在西方国家各有不同。由此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】其余各选项在原文中均无对应出处，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
“Sitting above the salt” in the last paragraph probably means _____. 最后一段“坐在盐上”的意思可能是_____。
A. sitting on a salt cellar A. 坐在盐瓶上
B. sitting above the salt cellar with legs apart B. 两腿分开坐在盐瓶上方
C. being the most distinguished guest C. 作为最尊贵的客人
D. salt used to be seats in Britain D. 盐在英国曾经是座位
【考查点】词汇推断题
【解题思路】根据原文noblemen（贵族）和ordinary people（普通人）相对应，sitting above the salt和sat below the salt相对应，说明地位高的人和地位低的人被区别对待。由此可推断“sitting above the salt”指坐上席，所以C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】其余各选项均无法表示“坐在上座”的含义，不符合逻辑，属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
From the passage, we know that table manners _____. 从文章中，我们知道餐桌礼仪_____。
A. change very little through the ages A. 多年来变化不大
B. change with time B. 随着时间的推移改变
C. are actually the same among the countries C. 国家之间的情况是一样的
D. are extremely important D. 是极其重要的
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词“table manners”定位至第五段第一句，该段提到“table manners of course have changed with time”，即“餐桌礼仪随着时间的推移而改变”。由此可以看出B选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“多年来变化不大”，原文中提到“餐桌礼仪随着时间的推移而改变”，因此该选项与原文所说完全相反，属于反向干扰；
C选项“国家之间的情况是一样的”，原文第三段之中提到不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪，因此不同国家之间的情况是不同的，该选项属于反向干扰；
D选项“是极其重要的”，原文中无对应出处，因此该选项属于无中生有。
第6题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, we know that the wealthier and well-educated people in the east _____. 根据文章，我们知道东部较富裕和受过良好教育的人_____。
A. pay more attention to table manners A. 更注意餐桌礼仪
B. strictly stick to their traditional table manners B. 严格遵守传统的餐桌礼仪
C. adopt Western table manners C. 采用西方餐桌礼仪
D. have their own table manners D. 他们有自己的餐桌礼仪
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词“wealthier and well-educated people in the east”精确定位至第二段第一句，该句提到“the richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of Western people”，即“东方更富有、受教育程度更高的人在很大程度上接受了西方人的餐桌礼仪和习俗”。由此可以看出，C选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】其余各选项在原文之中均无对应出处，属于无中生有。
第7题:
【选项释义】
In paragraph 3, line 1, the word “they” refers to _____. 第3段第1行中，“它们”指的是_____。
A. differences A. 差异
B. table manners B. 餐桌礼仪
C. various countries C. 不同国家
D. Western people D. 西方人
【考查点】词汇推断题
【解题思路】原文句意为“在西方，不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪，虽然没有那么明显”，因此可判断这里“they”指的是各国餐饮礼仪之间的差异，说明差异不是特别明显，A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】其余各选项均无法准确指出“they”指代各国餐饮礼仪之间的差异，均不符合逻辑，属于曲解原文。
