Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is new possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through: the eyeball. No knives no stitches, no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.
Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now he tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can he treated medically.
1. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ______.
2. The laser beam is so strong because ______.
3. Surgeons can now carry out operations which ______.
4. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ______.
问题1选项
A.medical help became available for industrial workers
B.the study of art went through a complete revolution
C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments
D.man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely
问题2选项
A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
B.its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
C.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
D.it sends out heat in many different directions
问题3选项
A.can be performed successfully only on the human eye
B.result in long periods of recovery time for patients
C.are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
D.result in very little damage to the patients themselves
问题4选项
A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
B.surgery is likely to improve considerably
C.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
D.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer
第1题:
【选项释义】
After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ______. 在20世纪60年代激光发展之后，我们发现______。
A. medical help became available for industrial workers A. 务工人员能够得到医疗帮助
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution B. 艺术研究经历了一次彻底的革命
C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments C. 越来越多的外科医生开始使用手术器械
D. man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely D. 人们的整个手术方法完全改变了
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第一段最后一句和第二段的首句：In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints.（在20世纪60年代，一种新的工具被开发出来，它首先对武装部队和工业界有很大的实际用途，但它也将及时彻底改变外科的艺术和科学。这个工具就是激光，全世界有越来越多的外科医生使用它来治疗大量不同的疾病。）可知激光发展以来，外科手术发生了彻底的改变，故选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项，根据解析可知，文中说的是外科的艺术发生了彻底的改变，而不是艺术研究发生改变，属于偷换概念；
C选项，文中说的是越来越多的外科医生使用激光来治疗大量不同的疾病，而不是使用手术器械，属于偷换概念。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The laser beam is so strong because ______. 激光束如此强烈是因为______。
A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light A. 它是由一束集中的光组成的
B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun B. 太阳的热量增加了它的热量
C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting C. 它可以插到一个普通的灯具上
D. it sends out heat in many different directions D. 它向不同的方向散发热量
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据第二段的最后两句：But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.（然而，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，一个不比普通电灯泡产生的功率大的光，在被集中到一个针尖大小的光束时，会变得非常强烈。）可知，激光束中的光是集中的，就会变得非常强。选项A符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
B、C选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项，文中说的向不同的方向散发热量的是普通的光而不是激光，属于张冠李戴。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Surgeons can now carry out operations which ______. 外科医生现在可以进行______的手术。
A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye A. 只能在眼睛上成功执行
B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients B. 导致病人需要很长时间恢复
C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam C. 通过使用激光束而使其更加复杂
D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves D. 对病人本身的伤害很小
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句：No knives no stitches, no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.（不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害——真正的外科奇迹。）可知现在的手术对病人造成的伤害很小，故选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项文中第三段提到了眼科手术，但并没有说现在只能在眼科手术上成功，属于以偏概全；
B选项，根据第四段的信息可知，现在进行的手术让病人更加轻松，恢复的也更快，属于反向干扰；
C选项，文中第四段提到现在更加操作复杂的手术，但是否使用激光，文中并没有说，属于曲解原文。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ______. 激光技术的迅速发展意味着______。
A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer A. 再过十年我们就能治愈癌症
B. surgery is likely to improve considerably B. 手术可能会有很大的改善
C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from C. 我们将能够治疗我们所患的所有疾病
D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer D. 我们现在能够治疗大多数癌症
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】最后一段提到：Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective.（也许激光治疗某些癌症会使手术不仅更安全而且更有效。）可知激光可以使手术更得到改善，故选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、D选项根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，属于过度推断；
C选项，文章说的是将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，而不是所有的疾病，属于过度推断。
