Sleep is a funny thing. We’re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.
Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn’t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating without enough sleep.
“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jays Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”
“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars... Another hit a ‘Jersey barrier’ on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”
Agrawal’s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State’s regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.”
The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is a place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you’re worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.
2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors’ face, the author implies that______.
3. Paragraphs 3 and 4 are written to______.
4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government” (line 6, paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that______.
5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
问题1选项
A.people who sleep than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness
B.poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder
C.stroke is often associated with sleep
D.too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep
问题2选项
A.doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic
B.doctors’ sleep is deprived by residents
C.doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems
D.sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated
问题3选项
A.entertain the audience with some anecdotes
B.discuss the cause of doctors’ sleep problems
C.show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients
D.exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep
问题4选项
A.doctors should not abide by government’s regulations
B.the government is interfering too much
C.the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific
D.law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can
问题5选项
A.Patients should control the hours of their doctors.
B.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors’.
C.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.
D.People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
We can learn from the first paragraph that ______. 我们可以从第一段了解到______。
A. people who sleep than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness A. 每天睡眠时间超过8小时的人更容易生病
B. poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder B. 睡眠质量差可能是身体失调的征兆
C. stroke is often associated with sleep C. 中风通常与睡眠有关
D. too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep D. 睡眠过多和睡眠不足一样有害
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据第一段：A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.（上个布法罗大学的一项研究报告说，每天常规睡眠超过8小时但仍然疲惫的人死于中风的可能性几乎是三倍——可能是由于潜在的疾病使他们无法安然入睡的结果。）可知睡眠质量差可能是身体失调的征兆，故选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、C选项根据解析可知属于曲解原文；
D选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Speaking of the sleep problems doctors’ face, the author implies that______. 谈到医生面临的睡眠问题，作者暗示______。
A. doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic A. 医生经常需要很少的睡眠来保持精力充沛
B. doctors’ sleep is deprived by residents B. 医生的睡眠被住院医生剥夺了
C. doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems C. 医生往往忽视自己的睡眠问题
D. sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated D. 睡眠不足的医生是醉的
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第二段的最后两句：An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person’s motor person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating without enough sleep.（《美国医学会杂志》上的一篇文章指出，在24小时失眠后的早晨，一个人的运动能力堪比合法醉酒的人的表现。奇怪的是，那些在受此影响的情况下进行手术的外科医生会被解雇却往往不会因为没有足够睡眠的情况下进行手术而被解雇。）可知，医生睡眠不足依然会做手术，所以他们的睡眠问题是被忽视的，故选项C符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项，文中第二段提到：Residents are famously sleep deprived.（住院医生睡眠不足是出了名的。），故选项信息说医生的睡眠被住院医生夺走属于曲解原文；
D选项，根据解析可知，文中说的是24小时没有睡觉的人的运动表现像是合法醉酒的人的表现，并不是说睡眠不足的医生是醉的，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Paragraphs 3 and 4 are written to______. 第三和第四段写来是为了______。
A. entertain the audience with some anecdotes A. 用一些轶事来取悦观众
B. discuss the cause of doctors’ sleep problems B. 讨论医生的睡眠问题的原因
C. show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients C. 显示医生对病人的敌意
D. exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep D. 举例说明医生因缺乏睡眠而面临的危险
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据三、四段的内容可知，这两段主要是讲医生因为睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项D正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不是文章第三、四段的目的。
第4题:
【选项释义】
By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government” (line 6, paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that______. 查尔斯•宾克利博士所说的“医生应该受他们的良心的约束，而不是受政府的约束”（第5段第6行），是指______。
A. doctors should not abide by government’s regulations A. 医生不应该遵守政府的规定
B. the government is interfering too much B. 政府干预太多
C. the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific C. 关于工作周和工作班的规定太具体了
D. law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can D. 法律不能强迫医生睡觉，而他的良知却可以。
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据倒数第二段的内容，《病人和医生安全与保护法案》效仿纽约州的规定，包括每周工作80小时和24小时轮班限制。然而，大多数医生拒绝这种干预。密歇根大学高级外科住院医生Charles Binkley认为“医生应该受到良心的约束，而不是政府的约束。”这里说的是就算政府有规定，但医生们会秉持着对病人和自己负责的良知而保证好自己的精神状态和睡眠质量，所以D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不能根据文章信息推断出来。
第5题:
【选项释义】
To which of the following is the author likely to agree? 作者可能同意以下哪项？
A. Patients should control the hours of their doctors. A. 病人应该控制他们的医生的工作时间。
B. Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors’. B. 飞行员和卡车司机的工作环境比医生的工作环境更安全。
C. Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested. C. 如果他们的医生没有足够的休息，病人就会面临更多的风险。
D. People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions. D. 有关的人有权把他们的医生从他们的岗位上撤下来。
【考查点】观点态度题
【解题思路】结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是医生睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项C最能概括全文。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不能根据文章信息推断出来。
