There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven, for people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that once acquired, enable one to use a computer.
In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
1.To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should（ ）.
2.In the second paragraph “violin making” is mentioned to show that（ ）.
3.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because（ ） .
4.According to the author, the phrase "learning to use a computer"(Sentence 3, Paragraph 3) means learning（ ） .
5.The author's purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.
问题1选项
A.try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B.be aware of how the things that they use do what they do
C.learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car
问题2选项
A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin
B.our society needs experts in different fields
C.violin making requires as much skill as computer programming
D.people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming
问题3选项
A.programs are becoming less complicated
B.programs are designed to be convenient to users
C.programming is becoming easier and easier
D.programs are becoming readily available to computer users
问题4选项
A.specific programs
B.the fundamentals of computer science
C.a set of rule
D.general principles of programming
问题5选项
A.to stress the impact of the computer on society
B.to explain the concept of computer literacy
C.to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow
D.to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job
第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should ________. 为了成为未来合格的公民，人们应该________。
A. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science A. 努力在计算机科学方面打下坚实的基础
B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do B. 注意他们使用的东西是如何完成他们的任务的
C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills C. 通过掌握一定的技能来学会使用电脑
D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car D. 要明白给电脑编程比修理汽车更重要
【答案】C
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干可以确定答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第二句至最后一句内容“让我们假设，在未来，每个人都必须知道如何使用电脑，以成为一个合格的公民。‘学习使用电脑’这个短语是什么意思？这听起来像‘学习驾驶汽车’，也就是说，听起来好像有一些明确的技能，一旦掌握，使一个人能够使用电脑”，由此可知未来合格的公民可以通过掌握一些技能来使用电脑，所以正确答案为C选项。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
In the second paragraph “violin making” is mentioned to show that ________. 在第二段提到“小提琴制作”是用来表明________。
A. programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin A. 给计算机编程就像制作小提琴一样有趣
B. our society needs experts in different fields B. 我们的社会需要不同领域的专家
C. violin making requires as much skill as computer programming C. 制作小提琴和计算机编程一样需要技巧
D. people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computer programming D. 会用电脑的人不一定要懂电脑编程
【答案】D
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据第二段内容“学习如何使用电脑和学习如何编程是两个截然不同的活动。可以这样说，未来有能力的公民应该摆脱对计算机的恐惧。但这与说所有人都应该知道如何编写程序是完全不同的。把这个问题留给那些选择编程作为职业的人吧。尽管编程可以很有趣，然而我们的社会只需要一些擅长编程的人，汽车修理和小提琴制作也是如此”，由此可以推断出“小提琴制作”是用来举例说明各个领域有各个领域的专家，会使用电脑不代表要成为计算机领域的专家会编程，所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because ________. 学习使用电脑变得越来越容易，因为________。
A. programs are becoming less complicated A. 程序变得不那么复杂了
B. programs are designed to be convenient to users B. 程序的设计对用户来说很方便
C. programming is becoming easier and easier C. 编程变得越来越简单
D. programs are becoming readily available to computer users D. 计算机用户可以很容易地获得各种程序
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干可以确定答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第一句“学习如何使用电脑并不是那么困难，随着程序变得更加‘用户友好’，学习变得越来越容易”，由“用户友好”可知程序的设计对用户来说是很方便的，所以正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第4题:
【选项释义】
According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” (Sentence 3, Paragraph 3) means learning ________. 根据作者的说法，短语“学习使用电脑”（第三段第三句）意味着学习________。
A. specific programs A. 特定的程序
B. the fundamentals of computer science B. 计算机科学的基础
C. a set of rule C. 一套规则
D. general principles of programming D. 编程的一般原则
【答案】A
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句内容“没有教别人如何使用电脑这种事。一个人只能教人们使用这个或那个程序，通常这是很容易做到的”，由此可推断出作者认为学习使用电脑就是学习使用这个或那个程序，所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________. 作者写这篇文章的目的是________。
A. to stress the impact of the computer on society A. 强调计算机对社会的影响
B. to explain the concept of computer literacy B. 解释计算机知识的概念
C. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow C. 说明成为未来合格公民的要求
D. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job D. 强调计算机编程是一项有趣且具有挑战性的工作
【答案】B
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据题干可以确定答案所在区域为第一段。根据第一段最后两句“但这不是所谓的计算机素养。因为计算机素养不是一种素养；这是一种职业技能，不应该作为一门文科来教授”，由此可知文章接下来会解释计算机素养的真正含义，所以正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项：“强调计算机对社会的影响”，根据第一段第二句“此外，考虑计算机对社会的影响的课程可能会帮助学生”可知该句是第一段提及的内容，但并不是文章强调的重点，属于以偏概全；
C选项：“说明成为未来合格公民的要求”，该选项属于文章第二、三段提及的内容，并不能用来概括整篇文章，该选项属于以偏概全；
D选项：“强调计算机编程是一项有趣且具有挑战性的工作”，根据第二段最后一句“尽管编程可以很有趣，然而我们的社会只需要一些擅长编程的人，汽车修理和小提琴制作也是如此”可知该选项属于第二段提及的内容，不是全文主旨，属于以偏概全。
【文章来源】1998年英语四级真题
【参考译文】
不可否认，学生应该学习一些关于计算机如何工作的知识，就像我们希望他们至少理解内燃机与燃料燃烧、气体膨胀和活塞被驱动有关，因为人们应该对他们使用的东西是如何做的有一些基本的概念。此外，认为计算机对社会有影响的课程可能会对学生有所帮助。但这并不是计算机知识的真正含义。因为计算机素养不是一种素养；这是一种职业技能，不应该作为一门文科来教授。
学习如何使用计算机和学习如何编程是两个截然不同的活动。可以这样说，未来有能力的公民应该摆脱对计算机的恐惧。但这与说所有人都应该知道如何编写程序是完全不同的。把这个问题留给那些选择编程作为职业的人吧。虽然编程可以很有趣，虽然我们的社会需要一些擅长编程的人，但汽车修理和小提琴制作也是如此。
学习如何使用计算机并不那么困难，而且随着程序变得更加“用户友好”，它会变得越来越容易。让我们假设，在未来，每个人都必须知道如何使用电脑，以成为一个称职的公民。“学习使用电脑”这个短语是什么意思？这听起来像“学习驾驶汽车”，也就是说，听起来好像有一些确定的技能，一旦掌握，就能使用电脑。
事实上，“学习使用电脑”更像是“学习玩游戏”，但学习一个游戏的规则可能对你玩第二个游戏没有帮助，因为第二个游戏的规则可能不一样。没有所谓的教某人如何使用计算机。人们只能教人们使用这个或那个程序，通常这很容易完成。
