Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major (1) to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful (2)on the economy in at least four ways.
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system (3)the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and ,(4)of most highways is the(5)of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily(6)for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation (7)are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private (8)in many ways, for the(9)of assuring that business serves the best (10)of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a(11), such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable (12)but limits their ability to raise prices (13) , since the public depends on their services. Often control is (14) to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of(15)in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by (16) tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit They can also(17) the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.
Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to(18)and individuals. For example, tariffs (19)certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to (20)better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system to help the unemployed and retirees.
问题1选项
A.economy
B.horror
C.magnifier
D.element
问题2选项
A.elevation
B.emotion
C.effect
D.election
问题3选项
A.dripping
B.serving
C.diverging
D.clamping
问题4选项
A.clearance
B.combustion
C.commence
D.maintenance
问题5选项
A.commonplace
B.responsibility.
C.conductivity
D.consequence
问题6选项
A.consoled
B.compacted
C.paid
D.bracketed
问题7选项
A.services
B.boycotts
C.budgets
D.charters
问题8选项
A.banquet
B.boom
C.arena
D.enterprise
问题9选项
A.assertion
B.purpose
C.asset
D.assumption
问题10选项
A.admiration
B.interests
C.adoption
D.accuracy
问题11选项
A.monopoly
B.acceptance
C.abolition
D.morality
问题12选项
A.proximity
B.blend
C.breast
D.profit
问题13选项
A.fairly
B.unfairly
C.friendly
D.unnecessarily
问题14选项
A.exercised
B.broadened
C.bankrupted
D.exemplified
问题15选项
A.faculty
B.quantity
C.quality
D.fragment
问题16选项
A.applauding
B.assessing
C.ascending
D.adjusting
问题17选项
A.affect
B.accommodate
C.adhere
D.affirm
问题18选项
A.beverage
B.businesses
C.bondage
D.botany
问题19选项
A.perplex
B.permit
C.perturb
D.plunder
问题20选项
A.compensate
B.confront
C.console
D.compete
第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:B
第6题:C
第7题:A
第8题:D
第9题:B
第10题:B
第11题:A
第12题:D
第13题:B
第14题:A
第15题:C
第16题:D
第17题:A
第18题:B
第19题:B
第20题:D
(1)逻辑分析。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响,由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素,只有D选项element(要素)符合题意。
(2)名词辨析。powerful effect:强大的影响力。故选择C。
(3)动词辨析。此处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰federal system。邮政系统属于服务行业,故选择B。
(4)名词辨析。此处为and连接construction和空格,因此此处应该填与construction并列的名词。高速公路除了建设,还需要对其进行保养,才保证正常使用。故选择D:保养、维护。
(5)名词辨析。高速公路建设与保养问题,涉及一个各个州归属与责任的问题。由此可知选B:责任。
(6)动词辨析。the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government:公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供。由此推测接下来继续谈论费用的支付问题。故选择C:支付。
(7)固定搭配。service:局、部。Police and fire protection and sanitation services:警察局、消防部门、卫生局。
(8)名词辨析。句意: 政府在许多方面监管和控制私营企业。故选D: 企业。
(9)名词辨析。句意: 政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的,故选择B:目的,企图。
(10)名词辨析。句意: 政府指导企业的发展,让企业在盈利的同时,也需要满足全社会的利益,故选择B:利益。
(11)名词辨析。句意: 在私营企业被垄断的地区,监管调控是必要的。故得知选择A:垄断。
(12)逻辑分析。企业要生存就必须盈利,故选择D:利润。proximity:接近,邻近。blend:混合。breast:胸怀,乳房。
(13)副词辨析。企业为了赚得更多的利润,会打价格战,会恶意提高价格,故选择B:不公平地。fairly:公平地。friendly:友好的。unnecessarily: 不必要地。
(14)动词辨析。control:此处理解为调控,而这一行为是需要实施,故选择A:运用,实施。broaden:扩大,变宽。bankmpt:破产。exemplify: 例证,例示。
(15)名词辨析。the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 65 in food:食品药品管理局禁止生产有害药品,提出食品加工的质量标准,由此可知选择C:质量。faculty:科,系。quantity:量,数量。fragment: 碎片,片段。
(16)动词辨析。...control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation...:调控经济过热和过度衰退,抑制通货膨胀。要解决这些问题需要采用一些经济手段,如:调整税率,货币发行量(the money supply),故选择D: 调整。applaud:赞同,鼓掌。assess:评定,估计。ascend:上升,攀登。
(17)动词辨析。运用经济手段(调整税率、货币发行量),会对经济产生一定影响,故选择A:影响。accommodate:适应,调解。adhere:坚持。 affirm:肯定,断言。
(18)语义连接。individual:个人,政府要保证个体利益也需要照顾全局,由此可以得知选择B:企业。beverage:饮料。bondage:束缚,奴役。botany: 植物学。
(19)动词辨析。tariffs certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition;为了企业的更好的发展,可以允许减免某些企业的税收,故 选择B:允许。perplex:困惑,为难。perturb:扰乱。plunder:抢夺,抢劫。
(20)动词辨析。...American products ...with certain foreign goods:美国产品、外国产品,可得知国内产品与外国产品为了争得市场,必然存在竞争,故选择D:竞争。compensate:补偿、赔偿。confront:面对,遭遇。console: 安慰。